Perfil epidemiológico de la incidencia de complicaciones de colecistectomía laparoscópica en HDPNG-N2 años 2010 - 2014
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La colecistitis aguda/colelitiasis es una de las principales y más frecuentes entre las enfermedades digestivas en la actualidad, crónica, con mayor incidencia en edades avanzadas y mujeres. Su tratamiento (colecistectomía) es una de los actos quirúrgicos abdominales habituales llevado a cabo. En la antigüedad se realizaba la colecistectomía abierta, presentando complicaciones y varias desventajas. En los años 80 se realiza la primera colecistectomía laparoscópica revolucionando el tratamiento de patologías vesicular, otorgando a los médicos la terapéutica Gold estándar, debido a que presenta varias ventajas sobre la colecistectomía convencional tales como: acorta el tiempo de la cirugía, disminución del dolor postoperatorio e íleo, permite la ingesta oral antes, acorta la estancia hospitalaria y mejora retorno más rápido a la actividad normal y mejora la estética.
Debemos tener en cuenta que hay pacientes que no son generalmente candidatos a colecistectomía laparoscópica como: pacientes que presenten peritonitis generalizada, choque séptico de la colangitis, pancreatitis aguda severa, la cirrosis hepática en etapa avanzada, el cáncer conocido de la vesícula biliar. A pesar de ser el procedimiento quirúrgico de elección no se encuentra exentas de riesgo de complicaciones: bilioma, peritonitis biliar, sepsis, colangitis, abscesos hepático y otros.
La presente investigación cuantitativa, retrospectiva nos da a conocer que la colecistitis/colelitiasis es una patología frecuente en el sexo femenino con una edad promedio de 40 años. Pacientes que se les realizo colecistectomía laparoscópica presentaron grandes ventajas sobre los que se les realizo colecistectomía convencional encontrando disminución de la estancia hospitalaria, menos porcentaje de complicaciones. Debido a este estudio se puede constatar que la colecistectomía laparoscópica es el método Gold estándar para este tipo de patología
Acute / cholelithiasis cholecystitis is one of the main and most common among today digestive diseases, chronic, with higher incidence in the elderly and women. Treatment (cholecystectomy) is one of the usual abdominal surgical procedures performed. In ancient open cholecystectomy was performed, presenting various complications and disadvantages. In the 80s the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy is done to revolutionize the treatment of vesicular diseases, giving physicians the Gold standard therapy, because it has several advantages over conventional cholecystectomy such as shortening the time of surgery, decreased postoperative pain and ileus, allows oral intake before, shortens hospital stay and improve faster return to normal activity and improved aesthetics. We should note that there are patients who are generally not candidates for laparoscopic cholecystectomy as patients presenting with generalized peritonitis, septic shock from cholangitis, severe acute pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis in an advanced stage, known cancer of the gallbladder. Despite being the surgical procedure of choice is not without risk of complications: biloma, biliary peritonitis, sepsis, cholangitis, hepatic abscesses and others. This quantitative research, hindsight reveals that cholecystitis / cholelithiasis is a common condition in women with an average age of 40 years. Patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy had great advantages over who underwent conventional cholecystectomy finding decreased hospital stay, less complication rate. Because this study it can be stated that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard method for this type of pathology.
Acute / cholelithiasis cholecystitis is one of the main and most common among today digestive diseases, chronic, with higher incidence in the elderly and women. Treatment (cholecystectomy) is one of the usual abdominal surgical procedures performed. In ancient open cholecystectomy was performed, presenting various complications and disadvantages. In the 80s the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy is done to revolutionize the treatment of vesicular diseases, giving physicians the Gold standard therapy, because it has several advantages over conventional cholecystectomy such as shortening the time of surgery, decreased postoperative pain and ileus, allows oral intake before, shortens hospital stay and improve faster return to normal activity and improved aesthetics. We should note that there are patients who are generally not candidates for laparoscopic cholecystectomy as patients presenting with generalized peritonitis, septic shock from cholangitis, severe acute pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis in an advanced stage, known cancer of the gallbladder. Despite being the surgical procedure of choice is not without risk of complications: biloma, biliary peritonitis, sepsis, cholangitis, hepatic abscesses and others. This quantitative research, hindsight reveals that cholecystitis / cholelithiasis is a common condition in women with an average age of 40 years. Patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy had great advantages over who underwent conventional cholecystectomy finding decreased hospital stay, less complication rate. Because this study it can be stated that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard method for this type of pathology.
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Colecistectomía laparoscópica, Perfil de salud, Complicaciones, Hospital de la Policia Nacional Guayaquil No. 2, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador