Síndrome hipertensivo del embarazo, sus riesgos y complicaciones en adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor en período de enero a diciembre del 2014
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El síndrome hipertensivo del embarazo es un gran problema de salud pública y más aun
cuando este se presenta en las adolescentes, en el ecuador la primera causa de muerte
materna es la hipertensión gestacional con proteinuria y la eclampsia ocupa el tercer lugar
según el estudio del INEC del 2013. En esta investigación de tipo descriptiva transversal y
retrospectiva en el cual se estudia a las adolescentes embarazadas con síndrome
hipertensivo del embarazo. Este estudio cumple con los criterios bioéticos
correspondientes; para realizar este estudio se conto con un universo de 350 pacientes las
cuales fueron diagnosticadas con síndrome hipertensivo del embarazo del cual mi muestra
correspondió a 186 pacientes de las cuales se excluyeron todas las pacientes con embarazos
múltiples y todas historias clínicas que no contaran con la información requerida para este
estudio. En este estudio se pudo observar que el grupo de edad de 15-19 años es el que
predomina con esta patología en un 89%, unión libre predomino con 66% según el estado
civil de la población estudiada, el nivel educativo que predomino con un 52% correspondió
a la secundaria incompleta, en esta población las primigestas predominaron con un 90%, se
pudo observar que el 89% de las pacientes estudiada no presentaron antecedentes familiares
que se relacionaran con la patología, en este grupo se pudo observar que el 59% presentaba
menos de 5 controles prenatales, la edad gestacional de ≥ 37 semanas en que las pacientes
fueron intervenidas correspondió al 55%, los valores tensiónales que predominaron en esta
población correspondieron a los niveles ˃140/90 mmHg con un 74%,se observo que la
proteinuria predomino con 78%. En este estudio se quiso observar el tipo de presentación
del síndrome hipertensivo del embarazo en adolescentes en el cual observamos que
predomino la preeclampsia leve con un 38% seguida de preeclampsia grave con 25%,
seguida de hipertensión gestacional con un 21% y seguida de eclampsia con un 16%, el
tipo de parto correspondió a la cesárea que predomino con un 74% y el 81% de la
población estudiada no presento ninguna complicación. Por esta razón es necesario que se
puedan ofrecer medidas primarias de prevención para poder disminuir el embarazo en
adolescentes y de esta manera disminuir las complicaciones que representan el embarazo
adolescente entre esta la hipertensión gestacional y la preeclampsia.
The hypertensive syndrome is a major public health problem and even more so when this occurs in adolescents, in Ecuador the leading cause of maternal death is gestational hypertension with proteinuria and eclampsia ranked third according to the study of the INEC 2013. This research is a descriptive and retrospective cross study where pregnant adolescents with hypertensive syndrome were analized meeting the relevant bioethical criteria. A universe of 350 patients diagnosed with hypertension syndrome was taken in consideration. A sample of 186 patients from the Universe was considered for this study excluding patients with multiple pregnancies and medical records without the required information. In this study it was observed that the age group 15-19 years is dominant with this disease by 89%, cohabitation dominance with 66% by marital status of the study population, educational level that prevailed a 52% were incomplete secondary, in this population primigravid predominated with 90%, it also was observed that 89% of the patients had no family history related to the pathology, in this group was observed that 59 % had less than 5 prenatal visits, the gestational age ≥ 37 weeks in which the operated patients corresponded to 55%, the pressure values that predominated in this population corresponded to levels ˃140 / 90 mmHg with 74%, was observed proteinuria dominance with 78%.The objective of the present study was to determine the kind of presentation of hypertensive disorders in adolescents in which we observed the dominance of mild preeclampsia with 38% followed by severe preeclampsia with 25%, followed by gestational hypertension with 21% and followed by eclampsia with 16%, the rate corresponded to the cesarean birth that predominated with 74% and 81% of the study population did not present any complications. For this reason it is necessary that can provide primary prevention measures to reduce teen pregnancy and thus reduce complications that represent teen pregnancy among this gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.
The hypertensive syndrome is a major public health problem and even more so when this occurs in adolescents, in Ecuador the leading cause of maternal death is gestational hypertension with proteinuria and eclampsia ranked third according to the study of the INEC 2013. This research is a descriptive and retrospective cross study where pregnant adolescents with hypertensive syndrome were analized meeting the relevant bioethical criteria. A universe of 350 patients diagnosed with hypertension syndrome was taken in consideration. A sample of 186 patients from the Universe was considered for this study excluding patients with multiple pregnancies and medical records without the required information. In this study it was observed that the age group 15-19 years is dominant with this disease by 89%, cohabitation dominance with 66% by marital status of the study population, educational level that prevailed a 52% were incomplete secondary, in this population primigravid predominated with 90%, it also was observed that 89% of the patients had no family history related to the pathology, in this group was observed that 59 % had less than 5 prenatal visits, the gestational age ≥ 37 weeks in which the operated patients corresponded to 55%, the pressure values that predominated in this population corresponded to levels ˃140 / 90 mmHg with 74%, was observed proteinuria dominance with 78%.The objective of the present study was to determine the kind of presentation of hypertensive disorders in adolescents in which we observed the dominance of mild preeclampsia with 38% followed by severe preeclampsia with 25%, followed by gestational hypertension with 21% and followed by eclampsia with 16%, the rate corresponded to the cesarean birth that predominated with 74% and 81% of the study population did not present any complications. For this reason it is necessary that can provide primary prevention measures to reduce teen pregnancy and thus reduce complications that represent teen pregnancy among this gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.
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Hipertensión inducida en el embarazo, Factores de riesgo, Embarazo en adolescencia, Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador