Hemorragia digestiva alta, factores de riesgo, localización más frecuente y tiempo de estancia hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil 2013-2014
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: La Hemorragia Digestiva Alta (HDA) es la pérdida de sangre originada
en el tubo digestivo proximal al ligamento de Treitz. Constituye una emergencia médica
que continúa teniendo una elevada mortalidad a pesar de los avances terapéuticos de
los últimos años. Constituye un problema frecuente en el mundo y es considerada causa
mayor de morbilidad y mortalidad en todos los grupos etáreos. Es objetivo de este
estudio identificar los principales factores de riesgo asociados, además de ubicar
endoscópicamente la localización del sangrado y determinar el tiempo de estancia
hospitalaria en los pacientes que presentan HDA.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo analizando las historias
clínicas de los pacientes ingresados con HDA al servicio de hospitalización del Hospital
Universitario de Guayaquil (HUG) desde enero 2013 hasta diciembre del 2014.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 184 pacientes, 131 varones (71%) y 53 mujeres (29%). La
mayoría de pacientes eran mayores de 55 años (70%). Se encontró asociada a otras
patologías en la mayoría de pacientes (72.2%), principalmente cardiovasculares (17.9%)
y hepatopatías (11.4%). Se encontró como factor de riesgo el consumo de AINES
regularmente (36.9%). La mayoría de pacientes no presentaron sangrado previo al
evento estudiado (82.6%) y la presentación clínica más frecuente fue la hematemesis
(50.6%). Las principales causas de la HDA fueron la úlcera péptica (46.7%) y la
gastropatía erosiva (37.5%), obteniéndose que topográficamente el sangrado provino del
estómago en la mayoría de pacientes (70.7%). El tiempo de estancia hospitalaria más
frecuente fue entre 6 y 8 días (48.9%).
Conclusiones: La HDA es un cuadro agudo que afecta con mayor frecuencia a ancianos
y varones. Asociada con frecuencia a patologías cardiacas y hepáticas y al consumo de
AINES. Las principales causas son úlcera péptica y gastropatía erosiva, siendo la
manifestación clínica más frecuente la hematemesis. El tiempo de estancia hospitalaria
más frecuente está en el intervalo de 6 a 8 días.
Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) is blood loss originates in the digestive tract proximal to the Treitz ligament. It is a medical emergency that continues to have high mortality despite the therapeutic advances of recent years. It is a common problem in the world and is considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Objective of this study is to identify the main risk factors associated besides by endoscopy locate bleeding and determine the length of hospital stay in patients with UGB. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted analyzing the clinical records of patients with UGB admitted to hospitalization department of the Guayaquil University Hospital (HUG) from January 2013 through December 2014. Results: One hundred eighty four patients, 131 men (71%) and 53 women (29%) were included. Most patients were older than 55 years (70%). UGB was found associated with other diseases in most patients (72.2%), mainly cardiovascular (17.9%) and liver (11.4%) diseases. Was found as significant risk factor regularly using NSAIDs (36.9%). Most patients had no previous bleeding event studied (82.6%) and the most common clinical presentation was hematemesis (50.6%). The main causes of the HDA were peptic ulcer (46.7%) and erosive gastropathy (37.5%), topographically obtained stemmed stomach bleeding in majority of patients (70.7%). The most common time of hospital stay was between 6 and 8 days (48.9%). Conclusions: UGB is an acute condition that affects more frequently to elderly and males. It’s often associated with heart and liver diseases and consumption of NSAIDs. The main causes of the UGB were peptic ulcer and erosive gastropathy, it is the most common clinical manifestation hematemesis The most common time of hospital stay was between 6 and 8 days.
Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) is blood loss originates in the digestive tract proximal to the Treitz ligament. It is a medical emergency that continues to have high mortality despite the therapeutic advances of recent years. It is a common problem in the world and is considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Objective of this study is to identify the main risk factors associated besides by endoscopy locate bleeding and determine the length of hospital stay in patients with UGB. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted analyzing the clinical records of patients with UGB admitted to hospitalization department of the Guayaquil University Hospital (HUG) from January 2013 through December 2014. Results: One hundred eighty four patients, 131 men (71%) and 53 women (29%) were included. Most patients were older than 55 years (70%). UGB was found associated with other diseases in most patients (72.2%), mainly cardiovascular (17.9%) and liver (11.4%) diseases. Was found as significant risk factor regularly using NSAIDs (36.9%). Most patients had no previous bleeding event studied (82.6%) and the most common clinical presentation was hematemesis (50.6%). The main causes of the HDA were peptic ulcer (46.7%) and erosive gastropathy (37.5%), topographically obtained stemmed stomach bleeding in majority of patients (70.7%). The most common time of hospital stay was between 6 and 8 days (48.9%). Conclusions: UGB is an acute condition that affects more frequently to elderly and males. It’s often associated with heart and liver diseases and consumption of NSAIDs. The main causes of the UGB were peptic ulcer and erosive gastropathy, it is the most common clinical manifestation hematemesis The most common time of hospital stay was between 6 and 8 days.
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Hemorragia gastrointestinal, Factores de riesgo, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador