Incidencia y complicaciones de urgencias quirúrgicas en pacientes pediátricos de edad comprendida desde el nacimiento hasta los 6 años, atendidas en el Hospital Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante desde el 1 de enero del 2014 al 31 de diciembre del 2014.
Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
Una urgencia médica es toda situación grave que se presenta súbitamente y amenaza la vida o la salud de una persona, más aún si se trata de pacientes pediátricos, los cuáles requieren de una atención prioritaria.En el caso de una urgencia quirúrgica, un diagnóstico preciso y rápido es crucial con el fin de evitar intervenciones innecesarias. La demora del tratamiento puede condicionar graves complicaciones e incluso ser mortal.
Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con el objetivo de identificar la incidencia y complicaciones de las urgencias quirúrgicas en pacientes pediátricos menores de 6 años, atendidas en el Hospital Dr. Francisco De Icaza Bustamante desde el 1 de enero del 2014 al 31 de diciembre del 2014.
Las urgencias quirúrgicas que se incluyeron fueron de preferencia digestivas y urogenitales. Dentro de los resultados, la mayor cantidad de urgencias se presentaron en preescolares. Hubo mayor incidencia en el sexo masculino. Casi la totalidad de los casos fueron procedentes de la Región Costa del país. La mayoría de los pacientes requirieron de 0-3 días de hospitalización. En los dos primeros trimestres del año se realizó el mayor número de atenciones por urgencias quirúrgicas. Complicaciones y/o patologías concomitantes se presentaron en menos del 50%. Por último, otra de nuestras variables a identificar, fue la necesidad de una segunda intervención o procedimiento quirúrgico durante la estancia hospitalaria, reportando un porcentaje menor del 10%.No se reportaron muertes.
Siendo la población pediátrica, nuestro objeto de estudio, emerge sin duda una gran responsabilidad en cuanto a la preparación de este trabajo.
A medical emergency is any serious situation that occurs suddenly and threatens the life or the health condition of a person, even more if that person is a pediatric patient that needs a priority attention. In case of a surgical emergency, an accurate and rapid diagnosis is crucial in order to avoid unnecessary interventions. Delayed treatment may derive in serious complications with a fatal ending. A retrospective study was conducted in order to identify the incidence and complications of the surgical emergencies in pediatric patients of 6 years of age and under, who were attended at the Dr. Francisco De Icaza Bustamante Hospital from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. The surgical urgencies that were included were preferably digestive and urogenital tracts. Among the results, the greatest amount of emergency care was presented in preschool children. There was a higher incidence in males. Almost all the cases were from the Coastal Region of the country. The majority of the patients required 0 – 3 days of hospitalization. In the first two trimesters of the year the largest number of patient care was realized by surgical urgencies. Complications and/or accompanying pathologies appeared in less than 50%. Finally, another of our variables to identify was the need for a second operation or procedure during the hospital stay, which reported lower than 10%. There have been no reported deaths. Studying the pediatric population has undoubtedly shown that a great responsibility has been required in the preparation of this thesis.
A medical emergency is any serious situation that occurs suddenly and threatens the life or the health condition of a person, even more if that person is a pediatric patient that needs a priority attention. In case of a surgical emergency, an accurate and rapid diagnosis is crucial in order to avoid unnecessary interventions. Delayed treatment may derive in serious complications with a fatal ending. A retrospective study was conducted in order to identify the incidence and complications of the surgical emergencies in pediatric patients of 6 years of age and under, who were attended at the Dr. Francisco De Icaza Bustamante Hospital from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. The surgical urgencies that were included were preferably digestive and urogenital tracts. Among the results, the greatest amount of emergency care was presented in preschool children. There was a higher incidence in males. Almost all the cases were from the Coastal Region of the country. The majority of the patients required 0 – 3 days of hospitalization. In the first two trimesters of the year the largest number of patient care was realized by surgical urgencies. Complications and/or accompanying pathologies appeared in less than 50%. Finally, another of our variables to identify was the need for a second operation or procedure during the hospital stay, which reported lower than 10%. There have been no reported deaths. Studying the pediatric population has undoubtedly shown that a great responsibility has been required in the preparation of this thesis.
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Complicaciones quirúrgicas, Pediatría, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador