Incidencia y complicaciones del embarazo molar en el Hospital Matilde Hidalgo de Procel en el período de tiempo de enero 2012 hasta diciembre
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Mèdicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La mola hidatiforme es el producto anormal de una gestación caracterizada por la tumefacción y degeneración hidrópica de las vellosidades coriales, que tiene como característica la ausencia de vascularización y la tendencia ploriferativa del epitelio de revestimiento que se acompaña, a menudo, de un grado variable de hiperplasia del trofoblasto. Clásicamente la mola hidatiforme se ha dividido en dos grupos principales: la mola completa y la mola parcial. La mola clásica o completa no presenta feto o embrión y contiene un cariotipo 46 XX o 46 XY. Mientras que la mola parcial o incompleta se acompaña de embrión, feto, o saco gestacional con un cariotipo triploide, 69 XXY.
El propósito de esta investigación es determinar la incidencia, evaluar el manejo Obstétrico, las complicaciones y perfil epidemiológico de las mujeres que presentaron embarazo molar en el área de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, en donde las pacientes luego de haber ingresado por Emergencia, y consulta externa bajo esta presunción diagnóstica siendo valoradas utilizando una hoja de recolección de datos, historia clínica minuciosa, y exámenes complementarios. De acuerdo al caso, con un universo estudiado de 40 pacientes, en el período comprendido entre Enero del 2012 hasta Diciembre del 2014. La metodología es de tipo descriptivo – correlacional con diseño no experimental, longitudinal, retrospectivo.
Los resultados obtenidos expresaron que el mayor porcentaje de pacientes que presentan embarazo molar está en el rango de17 a 20 años con 25%, y el rango que en menor cantidad presento fue el de 25 – 30 años con el 10% de los casos. La variedad de embarazo molar que se observó con frecuencia es a la mola hidatiforme completa con 82,5%, y mola incompleta con el 17,5%. Las complicaciónes que en mayor porcentaje se registraron fueron la hemorragia y las infecciones ambas con un 42,9%, además se presentó como complicación coriocarcinoma en un 14,3% de los casos. El tratamiento de las pacientes con embarazo molar, corresponde al legrado uterino instrumental con el 100%.
Hydatidiform mole is the product of an abnormal pregnancy characterized by swelling and hydropic degeneration of chorionic villi, which is characterized by the absence of vascularization and ploriferativa trend epithelial lining is accompanied often by a variable degree of trophoblast hyperplasia. Classically hydatidiform mole has been divided into two main groups: the complete mole and partial mole. Classical or complete mole no fetus or embryo and contains a karyotype 46 XX or 46 XY. While partial or incomplete mola accompanied embryo, fetus or gestational sac with a triploid, 69 XXY karyotype. The purpose of this research is to determine the incidence, assess the obstetric management, complications and epidemiological profile of women who had a molar pregnancy in the area of Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Matilde Hidalgo of Procel, where patients after entering by emergency and outpatient diagnostic under this presumption to be valued using a data collection sheet, thorough clinical history and complementary tests. According to the case, a study of 40 patients, in the period from January 2012 to December 2014. The methodology universe is descriptive - correlational not experimental, longitudinal, retrospective design. The results stated that the highest percentage of patients with molar pregnancy is in the range 17 from 20 years to 25% and the range that lesser amount was to introduce 25 to 30 years in 10% of cases. The range of molar pregnancy is often observed to complete hydatidiform mole with 82.5% and incomplete cool with 17.5%. Complications occurred in a higher percentage were bleeding and infections both with 42.9%, also it presented himself as coriocarcinoma complication in 14.3% of cases. Treatment of patients with molar pregnancy corresponds to sharp curettage with 100%. KEYWORDS:
Hydatidiform mole is the product of an abnormal pregnancy characterized by swelling and hydropic degeneration of chorionic villi, which is characterized by the absence of vascularization and ploriferativa trend epithelial lining is accompanied often by a variable degree of trophoblast hyperplasia. Classically hydatidiform mole has been divided into two main groups: the complete mole and partial mole. Classical or complete mole no fetus or embryo and contains a karyotype 46 XX or 46 XY. While partial or incomplete mola accompanied embryo, fetus or gestational sac with a triploid, 69 XXY karyotype. The purpose of this research is to determine the incidence, assess the obstetric management, complications and epidemiological profile of women who had a molar pregnancy in the area of Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Matilde Hidalgo of Procel, where patients after entering by emergency and outpatient diagnostic under this presumption to be valued using a data collection sheet, thorough clinical history and complementary tests. According to the case, a study of 40 patients, in the period from January 2012 to December 2014. The methodology universe is descriptive - correlational not experimental, longitudinal, retrospective design. The results stated that the highest percentage of patients with molar pregnancy is in the range 17 from 20 years to 25% and the range that lesser amount was to introduce 25 to 30 years in 10% of cases. The range of molar pregnancy is often observed to complete hydatidiform mole with 82.5% and incomplete cool with 17.5%. Complications occurred in a higher percentage were bleeding and infections both with 42.9%, also it presented himself as coriocarcinoma complication in 14.3% of cases. Treatment of patients with molar pregnancy corresponds to sharp curettage with 100%. KEYWORDS:
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Compicaciones del embarazo, Mola hidatiforme, Hospital Materno Infantil Dra.Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador