Incidencia y factores de riesgo de la neumonía connatal en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón comprendido desde enero del 2013 a enero del 2015
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La neumonía es uno de los estados patológicos más frecuentes en el periodo neonatal; puede causar complicaciones, secuelas graves y aun la muerte. En Ecuador la neumonía congénita según el último censo representa la tercera causa de muerte infantil. Esta investigación se basa en recién nacidos menores a 28 días que presentaron neumonía neonatal. Con el objetivo de determinar la incidencia y los principales factores de riesgo tanto neonatales, maternos y obstétricos que se presentaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón comprendido desde enero del 2013 a enero del 2015. Esta investigación es de diseño retrospectivo, observacional indirecto. Del total de 535 casos ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales la incidencia de Neumonía Connatal se presentó en un total de 100 pacientes lo que corresponde el 16%. El estudio estuvo conformado por un universo de 100 recién nacidos que represento el 100% observándose que el 61% de los casos fueron de sexo masculino, 74% nacidos por cesárea, el 63% de ellos presentaron un peso de 2.500 - 3.900 gramos. Entre los factores de riesgos se estableció que el principal factor neonatal es la prematuridad 40%, la infección de vías urinarias y la vaginosis son los principales factores de riesgos maternos con un 87%, y la ruptura prematura de membranas corresponde el principal factores de riesgo obstétrico en 31% de los casos. En cuanto a las manifestaciones clínicas la taquipnea es el principal con un 68% de los casos. Las muertes que se asociaron a la neumonia neonatal fueron 14%.
Pneumonia is one of the most common pathological conditions in the neonatal period; it can cause complications, serious consequences and even death. In Ecuador congenital pneumonia according to the latest census it represents the third leading cause of infant death. This research is based on infants less than 28 days who presented neonatal pneumonia. In order to determine the incidence and main risk factors both neonatal, maternal and obstetric that occurred in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Guayaquil Specialty Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Ponton from January 2013 to January 2015. This research is retrospective, observational design indirect. Of the total of 535 cases admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit connatal the incidence of pneumonia occurred in a total of 100 patients corresponding to 16%. The study consisted of a universe of 100 newborns who represent 100% observed that 61% of the cases were male, 74% born by cesarean section, 63% of them had a weight of 2500-3900 grams. Among the risk factors it was established that the main neonatal prematurity factor is 40%, urinary tract infection and vaginosis are the main maternal risk factors with 87%, and premature rupture of membranes will be the main risk factors obstetrical in 31% of cases. As for the clinical manifestations tachypnea is the primary with 68% of cases. Deaths associated with neonatal pneumonia were 14%.
Pneumonia is one of the most common pathological conditions in the neonatal period; it can cause complications, serious consequences and even death. In Ecuador congenital pneumonia according to the latest census it represents the third leading cause of infant death. This research is based on infants less than 28 days who presented neonatal pneumonia. In order to determine the incidence and main risk factors both neonatal, maternal and obstetric that occurred in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Guayaquil Specialty Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Ponton from January 2013 to January 2015. This research is retrospective, observational design indirect. Of the total of 535 cases admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit connatal the incidence of pneumonia occurred in a total of 100 patients corresponding to 16%. The study consisted of a universe of 100 newborns who represent 100% observed that 61% of the cases were male, 74% born by cesarean section, 63% of them had a weight of 2500-3900 grams. Among the risk factors it was established that the main neonatal prematurity factor is 40%, urinary tract infection and vaginosis are the main maternal risk factors with 87%, and premature rupture of membranes will be the main risk factors obstetrical in 31% of cases. As for the clinical manifestations tachypnea is the primary with 68% of cases. Deaths associated with neonatal pneumonia were 14%.
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Neumonía, Recién nacido, Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador