Estudio de la producción con tres variedades en fréjol Phaseolus vulgaris L. y cuatro distanciamientos de siembra
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2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La presente investigación se realizó durante la época seca de 2015, en la zona norte de la provincia del Guayas, ubicada en el km. 93 vía Guayaquil – Balzar en los terrenos de propiedad de la Señora Dionila Inés Mora Ruiz. Los objetivos fueron 1) Evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de las variedades de fréjol cultivadas con cuatro distanciamientos de siembra. 2) Seleccionar la mejor variedad, en base a los rendimientos de cosecha y sus características agronómicas. 3) Realizar un análisis económico de los cuatro tratamientos.
Los factores estudiados fueron distanciamientos de siembra con (30 cm, 35 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm) utilizando cuatro repeticiones por distanciamiento, en combinación con tres variedades de fréjol. Se utilizó un diseño experimental con bloques al azar de arreglo factorial (3 x 4). Las variables estudiadas fueron siete; 1) con altura en planta en floración cm, conteo en floración por planta, longitud de vainas cm, vainas por planta, granos por vaina, peso de 100 semillas (g), rendimiento por ha.
Se concluyó: a) La variedad Amadeus presenta los mayores promedios en longitud de vaina; altura de planta, numero de flores/planta y peso de 100 semillas, y el mayor número de grano por planta lo obtuvieron las variedades fréjol Rojo Innata y Afroandino, la variedad Rojo fue la de mayor rendimiento; b) se observó que los distanciamientos de siembra de 35 x 20 cm y de 30 x 20 cm obtuvieron mayor longitud de vaina y peso de 100 semillas. La distancia de siembra de 50 x 20 cm que sobresalió por sus promedios en las variables en altura de planta, número de flores/planta y rendimiento de gramo.
En la interacción se observa que la variedad de fréjol Rojo obtuvo mejor promedios en altura de planta en todas las distancias de siembra. La variedad Amadeus presenta mayor longitud de vaina con los
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distanciamientos de siembra de 40 x 20 cm, 35 x 20 cm y 30 x 20 cm; d) El Análisis de presupuesto parcial, en la variedad Afroandino con distanciamiento de 40 x 20 cm presentó la mayor tasa marginal de retorno.
The present investigation was carried out during the dry time of 2015, in the north area of the province of the Guayas, located in the km. 93 via Guayaquil-Balzar in the lands of property of Mrs. Dionila Inés Mora Ruiz Lives. The objectives were 1) to evaluate the agronomic behavior of the varieties of cultivated frijol with four to sow distancings. 2) To select the best variety, based on the crop yields and their agronomic characteristics. 3) To carry out an economic analysis of the four treatments. The studied factors were to sow distancings with (30 cm, 35 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm) using four repetitions for distancing, in combination with three frijol varieties. An experimental design is used at random with blocks of factorial arrangement (3 x 4). The studied variables were seven: 1) with height in plant in flotation cm, count in flotation for plant, longitude of sheaths cm, sheaths for plant, grains for sheath, weight de100 seeds (g), yield for there is. You concluded: to) The variety Amadeus presents the biggest averages in sheath longitude; plant height, I number of flowers/plant and weight of 100 seeds, and the biggest grain number for plant the Innate varieties Red frijol and Afroandino they obtained it, the Red variety was that of more yield. b) it was observed that the distancings of to sow of 35 x 20 cm and of 30 x 20 cm they obtained bigger sheath longitude and weight of 100 seeds. The distance of to sow of 50 x 20 cm that stood out for their averages in the variables in plant height, flowers/plant number and gram yield. In The interaction is observed that the variety of Red frijol obtained better averages in plant height in all the to sow distances. The variety Amadeus presents bigger sheath longitude with the distancings of to sow of 40 x 20 cm, 35 cm x 20 cm and 30 x 20 cm. 43 d) The budget Analysis partially, in the variety Afroandino with distancing of 40 x 20 cm presented the biggest marginal rate of return.
The present investigation was carried out during the dry time of 2015, in the north area of the province of the Guayas, located in the km. 93 via Guayaquil-Balzar in the lands of property of Mrs. Dionila Inés Mora Ruiz Lives. The objectives were 1) to evaluate the agronomic behavior of the varieties of cultivated frijol with four to sow distancings. 2) To select the best variety, based on the crop yields and their agronomic characteristics. 3) To carry out an economic analysis of the four treatments. The studied factors were to sow distancings with (30 cm, 35 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm) using four repetitions for distancing, in combination with three frijol varieties. An experimental design is used at random with blocks of factorial arrangement (3 x 4). The studied variables were seven: 1) with height in plant in flotation cm, count in flotation for plant, longitude of sheaths cm, sheaths for plant, grains for sheath, weight de100 seeds (g), yield for there is. You concluded: to) The variety Amadeus presents the biggest averages in sheath longitude; plant height, I number of flowers/plant and weight of 100 seeds, and the biggest grain number for plant the Innate varieties Red frijol and Afroandino they obtained it, the Red variety was that of more yield. b) it was observed that the distancings of to sow of 35 x 20 cm and of 30 x 20 cm they obtained bigger sheath longitude and weight of 100 seeds. The distance of to sow of 50 x 20 cm that stood out for their averages in the variables in plant height, flowers/plant number and gram yield. In The interaction is observed that the variety of Red frijol obtained better averages in plant height in all the to sow distances. The variety Amadeus presents bigger sheath longitude with the distancings of to sow of 40 x 20 cm, 35 cm x 20 cm and 30 x 20 cm. 43 d) The budget Analysis partially, in the variety Afroandino with distancing of 40 x 20 cm presented the biggest marginal rate of return.
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Palabras clave
FREJOL, VARIEDAD DE FREJOL, DISTANCIAMIENTO DE SIEMBRA, SEMILLAS