La agricultura convencional del cultivo de cacao y su efecto en la erosión del suelo agrícola versus bosque primario en Jauneche - Ecuador
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2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El objetivo es determinar los impactos producidos por las prácticas convencionales de manejo en el cultivo de cacao, versus bosque primario en Jauneche. En la primera parte del trabajo se realizó un monitoreo y toma de muestras de suelo agrícola de cacao y del bosque primario (Estación Pedro Franco Dávila) adyacente al área de estudio, con la finalidad de hacer los análisis comparativos físicos, químicos y demostrar experimentalmente la falta de nutrientes, las muestras para el análisis químico fueron llevados al “Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Litoral Sur” (INIAP); según los resultados obtenidos se determinaron la falta de macronutrientes nitrógeno (N), fosforo (P), potasio (K) y micronutrientes boro (B), azufre (S), y materia orgánica (M.O.) en el suelo intervenido. En el bosque primario su determinación de nutrientes descritos se mostró una baja en el boro, manifestándose los demás elementos en sus rangos normales. Los resultados descritos tanto en suelo del bosque primario como en el suelo intervenido con cultivo de cacao podemos determinar que se ha identificado problemas erosivos en el suelo agrícola. Se concluye que existe deficiencia en micro y macro elementos como el nitrógeno, fósforo, azufre, boro, potasio y materia orgánica en la finca de cultivos de cacao en el recinto Jauneche. En el bosque primario los niveles son bajos en el boro, lo que demuestra que hay erosión del suelo agrícola con cultivo de cacao.
The objective is to determine the impacts produced by the cocoa crop management conventional practices, versus primary forest in Jauneche. In the first part of this work, a monitoring and a sample collection of the agricultural soil and the primary forest were realized (Pedro Franco Davila Station) nearby the study area, with the aim of making physical, chemical comparatives analysis and to demonstrate experimentally the lack of nutrients, the samples for the chemical analysis were taken to the INIAP (Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Litoral Sur); according to the obtained results, the lack of macronutrients was determined such as Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and micronutrients, boron (B), Sulphur (S), and Organic matter (M.O.) on the tapped soil. The nutrients assessment described at the primary forest, displayed a Boron decrease, expressing to the other element in their normal ranges. The results depicted in the primary forest soil and also in the cocoa crop tapped soil, we can determine that erosive problems on the agricultural soil have been identified. It concludes with the existence of the micro and macro elements deficiency like nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, boron, potassium and organic matter at the cocoa farm crop in Jauneche. In the primary forest the levels of boron are decreased, it proves the erosion caused on the agricultural soil by the cocoa crops.
The objective is to determine the impacts produced by the cocoa crop management conventional practices, versus primary forest in Jauneche. In the first part of this work, a monitoring and a sample collection of the agricultural soil and the primary forest were realized (Pedro Franco Davila Station) nearby the study area, with the aim of making physical, chemical comparatives analysis and to demonstrate experimentally the lack of nutrients, the samples for the chemical analysis were taken to the INIAP (Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Litoral Sur); according to the obtained results, the lack of macronutrients was determined such as Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and micronutrients, boron (B), Sulphur (S), and Organic matter (M.O.) on the tapped soil. The nutrients assessment described at the primary forest, displayed a Boron decrease, expressing to the other element in their normal ranges. The results depicted in the primary forest soil and also in the cocoa crop tapped soil, we can determine that erosive problems on the agricultural soil have been identified. It concludes with the existence of the micro and macro elements deficiency like nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, boron, potassium and organic matter at the cocoa farm crop in Jauneche. In the primary forest the levels of boron are decreased, it proves the erosion caused on the agricultural soil by the cocoa crops.
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EROSIÓN, AGRICULTURA, NUTRIENTES, CACAO, BOSQUE PRIMARIO