Investigación bibliográfica de los mecanismos de defensa de las bacterias de la cavidad bucal
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2015-06
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología.
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La cavidad oral puede ser considerada como un gran ecosistema. Este ecosistema está formado por una amplia población bacteriana y por el conjunto de los ecosistemas primarios, formados por las distintas zonas que componen la cavidad (superficies dentales, lengua, surco gingival. La mayoría de las especies que residen en la cavidad bucal son transitorias; de manera que la cifra especies bacterianas residentes es de unas 20 aproximadamente. La inmensa mayoría de las bacterias residentes en la cavidad son compatibles con la salud del hospedador, sin embargo en circunstancias especiales del ambiente oral, bajo determinadas condiciones y comportamientos del huésped y debido a los mecanismos de virulencia de los microorganismos el equilibrio establecido entre la microbiota oral y los tejidos se rompe; si esto sucede se habla de disbiosis. Las bacterias están en la boca en una cantidad tal que no causan daño, forman una comunidad en la que existen ciertas especies pero no otras. Las especies suelen colaborar entre sí para su supervivencia, tal es así que a veces se necesita la presencia de ciertas bacterias para que puedan llegar otras. Además, su presencia evita la colonización por otras bacterias u hongos, y previene determinada infecciones. La microbiota bucal y el sistema inmunológico están en equilibrio de modo que la flora no supera unos límites. Su presencia estimula las defensas, por lo que tienen un efecto beneficioso. No nacemos con esta variedad de microorganismos en nuestra cavidad oral, pues en la placenta no hay gérmenes. El primer contacto con ellos es durante el parto, proveniente del canal vaginal materno. La cavidad bucal es considerada como un ecosistema abierto debido a que está en contacto permanente con el exterior, recibiendo un flujo continuo de especies nuevas, que provienen del medio ambiente o de otros individuos.
Palabra clave: cavidad bucal, bacterias, microbiota, ecosistema, microorganismos.
The oral cavity can be regarded as a great ecosystem. This ecosystem is formed by a large bacterial population and by the set of primary ecosystems, formed by the different areas that make up the cavity (tooth surfaces, language, gingival sulcus. The majority of the species that reside in the oral cavity are transitory; so that the figure resident bacterial species is approximately 20 approximately. The vast majority of resident bacteria in the cavity are compatible with the health of the host, however in special circumstances of the oral environment, under certain conditions and behavior of the guest and due to the mechanisms of virulence of the organisms the balance established between the oral microbiota and the tissues are broken; if this happens there is talk of disbiosis. The bacteria in the mouth in an amount that does not cause harm, they form a community in which there are certain species but not others. The species often collaborate with each other for their survival, so it is that sometimes you need the presence of certain bacteria so that they can reach others. In addition, their presence prevents colonization by other bacteria or fungi, and prevents certain sinfecciones. The oral microbiota and the immune system are in equilibrium so that the flora does not exceed some limits. Its presence stimulates the defenses, so they have a beneficial effect. Not born with this variety of microorganisms in our oral cavity, because in the placenta does not there are germs. The first contact with them is during childbirth, from the vaginal canal maternal. The oral cavity is regarded as an open ecosystem due to that is in permanent contact with the outside world, receiving a steady flow of new species, which come from the environment or other individuals. Keyword: oral cavity, bacteria, microbiota, ecosystem, organisms
The oral cavity can be regarded as a great ecosystem. This ecosystem is formed by a large bacterial population and by the set of primary ecosystems, formed by the different areas that make up the cavity (tooth surfaces, language, gingival sulcus. The majority of the species that reside in the oral cavity are transitory; so that the figure resident bacterial species is approximately 20 approximately. The vast majority of resident bacteria in the cavity are compatible with the health of the host, however in special circumstances of the oral environment, under certain conditions and behavior of the guest and due to the mechanisms of virulence of the organisms the balance established between the oral microbiota and the tissues are broken; if this happens there is talk of disbiosis. The bacteria in the mouth in an amount that does not cause harm, they form a community in which there are certain species but not others. The species often collaborate with each other for their survival, so it is that sometimes you need the presence of certain bacteria so that they can reach others. In addition, their presence prevents colonization by other bacteria or fungi, and prevents certain sinfecciones. The oral microbiota and the immune system are in equilibrium so that the flora does not exceed some limits. Its presence stimulates the defenses, so they have a beneficial effect. Not born with this variety of microorganisms in our oral cavity, because in the placenta does not there are germs. The first contact with them is during childbirth, from the vaginal canal maternal. The oral cavity is regarded as an open ecosystem due to that is in permanent contact with the outside world, receiving a steady flow of new species, which come from the environment or other individuals. Keyword: oral cavity, bacteria, microbiota, ecosystem, organisms
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BACTERIA, CAVIDAD ORAL, FACTORES DE RIESGO