Incidencia de la Pesca Artesanal en el estado poblacional de Coryphaena hippurus en el Puerto de Santa Rosa, Provincia de Santa Elena. Agosto-Diciembre 2014.
Fecha
2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El dorado Coryphaena hippurus, Linnaeus, 1758, es uno de los recursos pesqueros de gran importancia en la pesca artesanal, el problema de la investigación se basó en la extracción que se hace de tallas inferiores a las permitidas por la legislación interna, que son de 80 cm de longitud total en las capturas, con diferentes artes de pesca, alterando el stock de la población, impidiendo alcanzar su talla de madurez y, consecuentemente, reproducirse. La finalidad del estudio fue la evaluación de la incidencia de la pesca artesanal en el estado poblacional del Coryphaena hippurus en el puerto de Santa Rosa, provincia de Santa Elena. Con un muestreo de 17263 individuos el promedio de talla mínima fue de 42 cm y la máxima de 175 cm. En época de veda desde menos de 42 cm a 150 cm para machos y hembras, en época de captura de menos de 42 cm a 175 cm tanto para machos y hembras lo cual indica poca variación entre veda y no veda. La pesca de especímenes pequeños entre 42 a 80 cm un está representada por 63.64%; en el grupo de medianos de 81 a 180 cm la distribución está dada por un 25,21%. Se observa una incidencia creciente en la pesca a mayores tallas. El sex ratio fue de 1.32M:1H, entre las tallas de 42 a 80 cm y para las tallas de 81 a 180 cm fue de 1.54M:1H, queda confirmado por el rechazo de la nulidad (α = 0.05) del X2 de que no existe la proporción de 1:1. Los machos, una mitad mayor que las hembras. El crecimiento de Ricker (1975), relación P/L, evidencia que Coryphaena hippurus presenta un crecimiento alométrico negativo, con un valor de P = 1.79 e-2 L 1.0719, con r = 0.9038 lo que sugiere que el pez es más delgado para su longitud a medida que crece, incrementa preferencialmente su longitud relativa más que su peso. La estimación del desembarque se utilizó la producción excedentaria que utiliza UE, para biomasa kg/hora de pesca, FAO, la cual fue de 44 ton y por extrapolación 176/año en el área de estudio. Como propuesta se da como plan estandarizado, la adecuada gestión ambiental de pesca tallas mínimas de captura en épocas de veda y no veda, y su importancia sobre la sostenibilidad del recurso, para la implementación de talleres, y/o proyectos de vinculación comunitaria, enfatizando la importancia de sociabilización en sectores vulnerables como los pescadores artesanos no agremiados.
The dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758, is one of the major fishery resources in artisanal fisheries, the problem of the research was based on the extraction is done in smaller sizes than those permitted by domestic law, which are catch 80 cm of length, with different gears, alter the stock of the population, preventing reach their size at maturity and consequently reproduction. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the incidence of artisanal fisheries in the population status of Coryphaena hippurus in the port of Santa Rosa, province of Santa Elena. With a sample of 17263 individuals, the average minimum size was 42 cm and maximum 175 cm. During a closed season from less than 42 cm to 150 cm for males and females, at time of capture less than 42 cm to 175 cm for both males and females, which indicates little variation between, closed and not closed season. Fishing for small specimens between 42-80 cm one is represented 63.64%; in the medium group of 81-180 cm distribution, it is given by 25.21 An increased incidence observed in larger fishing. The sex ratio was 1.32m: 1H, between the sizes of 42-80 cm and sizes from 81 to 180 cm was 1.54M: 1H, is confirmed by X2 the rejection of nullity (α = 0. 05) that there is a sex ratio of 1:1. Males more than females half. The growth of Ricker equation W/L (1975), Coryphaena hippurus evidence shows a negative allometric growth, with a value of W = 1.79 e-2 L 1.0719 with r = 0.9038, suggesting that the fish is thinner for its length as it grows, preferentially increases in length on more than its weight. The estimation of the unloading surplus production using EU for biomass kg / hour of fishing, FAO, which was 44 tons and by extrapolation 176 ton / year in the study area. As proposed is given as standardized plan, and proper environmental management of fisheries in minimum landing sizes and closed seasons not closed, and its importance for the sustainability of the resource for the implementation of workshops, and community engagement projects, emphasizing the importance of socialization in vulnerable sectors such as artisanal fishing unorganized.
The dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758, is one of the major fishery resources in artisanal fisheries, the problem of the research was based on the extraction is done in smaller sizes than those permitted by domestic law, which are catch 80 cm of length, with different gears, alter the stock of the population, preventing reach their size at maturity and consequently reproduction. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the incidence of artisanal fisheries in the population status of Coryphaena hippurus in the port of Santa Rosa, province of Santa Elena. With a sample of 17263 individuals, the average minimum size was 42 cm and maximum 175 cm. During a closed season from less than 42 cm to 150 cm for males and females, at time of capture less than 42 cm to 175 cm for both males and females, which indicates little variation between, closed and not closed season. Fishing for small specimens between 42-80 cm one is represented 63.64%; in the medium group of 81-180 cm distribution, it is given by 25.21 An increased incidence observed in larger fishing. The sex ratio was 1.32m: 1H, between the sizes of 42-80 cm and sizes from 81 to 180 cm was 1.54M: 1H, is confirmed by X2 the rejection of nullity (α = 0. 05) that there is a sex ratio of 1:1. Males more than females half. The growth of Ricker equation W/L (1975), Coryphaena hippurus evidence shows a negative allometric growth, with a value of W = 1.79 e-2 L 1.0719 with r = 0.9038, suggesting that the fish is thinner for its length as it grows, preferentially increases in length on more than its weight. The estimation of the unloading surplus production using EU for biomass kg / hour of fishing, FAO, which was 44 tons and by extrapolation 176 ton / year in the study area. As proposed is given as standardized plan, and proper environmental management of fisheries in minimum landing sizes and closed seasons not closed, and its importance for the sustainability of the resource for the implementation of workshops, and community engagement projects, emphasizing the importance of socialization in vulnerable sectors such as artisanal fishing unorganized.
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Palabras clave
PESCA ARTESANAL, CORYPHAENA HIPPURUS, ARTE DE PESCA, INCIDENTAL, SUSTENTABILIDAD, POBLACIÓN