Implementación de un plan de manejo ambiental para la manipulación de transformadores en el área de concesión de la cnel regional El Oro
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2013
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Los Contaminantes Orgánicos Persistentes (COPs) son un conjunto de
sustancias orgánicas que son persistentes en el ambiente, son capaces de
bioacumularse y que poseen características de toxicidad capaces de ocasionar
efectos adversos a la salud o al ambiente. Dependiendo de su movilidad en el
ambiente, estas sustancias pueden ser de interés local, regional o global, ya
que son propensos al transporte atmosférico y marítimo de largo alcance.
Como resultado de los Talleres de Priorización llevados a cabo a nivel nacional,
por el Ministerio el Ambiente, se determinó que de los tres COPs existentes, la
primera prioridad fue para los Bifenilos Policlorados (PCBs); contenidos en los
aceites dieléctricos utilizados para la fabricación de transformadores y equipos
de protección eléctrica, utilizados por todas las empresas eléctricas del país; la
segunda prioridad fue para las emisiones de Dioxinas y Furanos; y tercer
prioridad para los plaguicidas.
En función de lo expuesto, el presente trabajo pretende promover el manejo de
los PCBs, en base a los convenios internacionales de Estocolmo, Basilea y
Rotterdam, así como en los lineamientos del Manual de Procedimiento para el
Manejo de los PCBs en el Sector Eléctrico Ecuatoriano, para lo cual se ha
planteado determinar con el US EPA SW-846Method 9079 que utiliza el kit
CLOR-N-OIL-50, la cantidad total de equipos que contienen aceite dieléctrico
contaminado con trazas mayores de 50 ppm.
Los resultados proyectados, luego de haberse realizado 800 pruebas
colorimétricas con los kits CLOR N OIL 50 con el US EPA SW-846 Method 9079
establecieron que en el sistema eléctrico de la CNEL Regional El Oro, se
encuentran instalados y en operación aproximadamente entre 5.497 equipos y
transformadores contaminados con PCBs, con un total de 411.206 litros de
aceite dieléctrico contaminado con trazas mayores a 50 ppm., sin embargo aún
no se sabe la ubicación geográfica de aproximadamente 4.593 transformadores
xiii
de distribución que representan el 52 % con un total de 318.403 litros de aceite
dieléctrico contaminado, el mismo que deberá ser retirado según lo programado
hasta el año 2020, para lo cual se ha planteado la “Implementación de un Plan
de Manejo Ambiental para la Manipulación de Transformadores en el Área de
concesión de la CNEL Regional El Oro S.A.”
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are a group of organic substances that are persistent in the environment, are able to bioaccumulate and toxicity have characteristics capable of causing adverse effects to health or the environment. Depending on their mobility in the environment, these substances can be of local, regional or global, as they are prone to atmospheric transport and longrange maritime. As a result of the prioritization workshops conducted nationally by the Environment Ministry, it was determined that the three existing POPs, the first priority was to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contained in the oils used for manufacturing dielectrics transformers and power protection equipment, used by all utilities in the country, the second priority was for emissions of dioxins and furans, and third priority for pesticides. In view of the above, this paper aims to promote the management of PCBs, based on international conventions Stockholm, Basel and Rotterdam, as well as the guidelines of the Manual of Procedure for the Management of PCBs in the Ecuadorian Electricity Sector , for which it has been raised to determine the 846Method EPA SW-9079 using the kit CLOR-N-OIL-50, the total amount of equipment containing dielectric oil contaminated with trace amounts larger than 50 ppm. The projected results, after 800 colorimetric tests having been realized by the kits CLOR N OIL 50 with the US EPA SW-846 Method 9079 established that in the electrical system of the CNEL Regional El Oro S.A., they are installed and in operation approximately between 5.497 equipments and transformers contaminated with PCBs, with a total of 411.206 liters of oil dielectric contaminated with bigger traces than 50 ppm., nevertheless still there is not known the geographical location of approximately 4.593 distribution transformers that 52 % represents with a total of 318.403 liters of oil dielectric xv contaminated, the same one who will have to be withdrawn according to the programmed until the year 2020, for which has appeared the "Implementation of a Plan of Environmental Managing for the Manipulation of Transformers in the Area of concession of the CNEL Regional El Oro S.A.”
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are a group of organic substances that are persistent in the environment, are able to bioaccumulate and toxicity have characteristics capable of causing adverse effects to health or the environment. Depending on their mobility in the environment, these substances can be of local, regional or global, as they are prone to atmospheric transport and longrange maritime. As a result of the prioritization workshops conducted nationally by the Environment Ministry, it was determined that the three existing POPs, the first priority was to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contained in the oils used for manufacturing dielectrics transformers and power protection equipment, used by all utilities in the country, the second priority was for emissions of dioxins and furans, and third priority for pesticides. In view of the above, this paper aims to promote the management of PCBs, based on international conventions Stockholm, Basel and Rotterdam, as well as the guidelines of the Manual of Procedure for the Management of PCBs in the Ecuadorian Electricity Sector , for which it has been raised to determine the 846Method EPA SW-9079 using the kit CLOR-N-OIL-50, the total amount of equipment containing dielectric oil contaminated with trace amounts larger than 50 ppm. The projected results, after 800 colorimetric tests having been realized by the kits CLOR N OIL 50 with the US EPA SW-846 Method 9079 established that in the electrical system of the CNEL Regional El Oro S.A., they are installed and in operation approximately between 5.497 equipments and transformers contaminated with PCBs, with a total of 411.206 liters of oil dielectric contaminated with bigger traces than 50 ppm., nevertheless still there is not known the geographical location of approximately 4.593 distribution transformers that 52 % represents with a total of 318.403 liters of oil dielectric xv contaminated, the same one who will have to be withdrawn according to the programmed until the year 2020, for which has appeared the "Implementation of a Plan of Environmental Managing for the Manipulation of Transformers in the Area of concession of the CNEL Regional El Oro S.A.”
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PLAN DE MANEJO AMBIENTAL, CONTAMINANTES ORGÁNICOS PERSISTENTES, BIFENILOS POLICLORADOS, DIOXINAS Y FURANOS, PLAGUISIDAS, TRAZAS, CONCIENCIA AMBIENTAL, ECOSISTEMAS, BIOTA, SALUD HUMANA, BIOCUMALARSE, CADENA ALIMENTARIA