Análisis de la pesquería artesanal de peces pelágicos grandes en Anconcito (Santa Elena, Ecuador), durante el periodo 2010-2014
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2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
Los peces pelágicos grandes (PPG) son especies que constituyen un importante recurso pesquero. Varios estudios de desembarque se han realizado en diferentes países inclusive en el Ecuador, a pesar de que Anconcito es el segundo puerto pesquero de importancia en cuanto al desembarque de pelágicos grandes, la pesquería de estas especies ha sido poco estudiada. La presente investigación es un aporte importante en cuanto a la descripción de la flota palangrera, así como la determinación de la variabilidad del desembarque de Thunnus albacares, Coryphaena hippurus y Xiphias gladius. Se analizaron los datos pesqueros y de desembarque proporcionados por la Subsecretaria de Recursos Pesqueros (SRP), del periodo de 2010-2014. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos para determinar la variabilidad anual, mensual y entre temporadas climáticas además de un análisis de Redundancia (RDA) comparando las variables oceanográficas con los desembarques. Los resultados mostraron que C. hippurus (75%) fue la especie de mayor desembarque, seguida de T. albacares (11%) y en tercer lugar X. gladius (9%). Se determinó que no existieron diferencias significativas en los desembarques por año y por temporadas climáticas para cada una de las especies, mientras las comparaciones mensuales establecieron diferencias significativas. Los resultados muestran una tendencia anual-mensual en cuanto a los desembarques en Anconcito, siendo para T. albacares los meses de mayo a agosto los de mayores desembarques, para C. hippurus se registraron dos picos anuales-mensuales de enero a febrero y de octubre a diciembre, mientras que para X. gladius los mayores desembarques fueron de mayo a junio. El Análisis de Redundancia mostró que las variables oceanográficas como la temperatura influye sobre los desembarques de las especies C. hippurus y X. gladius, mientras que las variables salinidad y clorofila a no influyen sobre los desembarques de ninguna especie analizada.
Large pelagic fish (PPG) are species that constitute an important fishery resource. Several landing studies have been carried out in different countries, including Ecuador, although Anconcito is the second largest fishing port in terms of landing large pelagics, the fishery of these species has been little studied. The present research is an important contribution as regards the description of the longline fleet, as well as the determination of the variability of the landing of Thunnus albacares, Coryphaena hippurus and Xiphias gladius. Fishery and landing data provided by the Subsecretaria de Recursos Pesqueros (SRP) for the period 2010-2014 were analyzed. Statistical analyzes were performed to determine the annual, monthly and climatic variability in addition to a Redundancy Analysis (RDA) comparing the oceanographic variables with the landings. The results showed that C. hippurus (75%) was the highest landing species, followed by T. albacares (11%) and thirdly X. gladius (9%). It was determined that there were no significant differences in landings per year and climatic seasons for each of the species, while the monthly comparisons established significant differences. The results show an annual-monthly trend in terms of landings in Anconcito, being for T. albacares the months of May to August the highest landings, for C. hippurus two annual-monthly peaks were recorded from January to February and from October to December, while for X. gladius the largest landings were from May to June. The Redundancy Analysis showed that oceanographic variables such as temperature influence the landings of species C. hippurus and X. gladius, while the variables salinity and chlorophyll a do not influence the landings of any species analyzed.
Large pelagic fish (PPG) are species that constitute an important fishery resource. Several landing studies have been carried out in different countries, including Ecuador, although Anconcito is the second largest fishing port in terms of landing large pelagics, the fishery of these species has been little studied. The present research is an important contribution as regards the description of the longline fleet, as well as the determination of the variability of the landing of Thunnus albacares, Coryphaena hippurus and Xiphias gladius. Fishery and landing data provided by the Subsecretaria de Recursos Pesqueros (SRP) for the period 2010-2014 were analyzed. Statistical analyzes were performed to determine the annual, monthly and climatic variability in addition to a Redundancy Analysis (RDA) comparing the oceanographic variables with the landings. The results showed that C. hippurus (75%) was the highest landing species, followed by T. albacares (11%) and thirdly X. gladius (9%). It was determined that there were no significant differences in landings per year and climatic seasons for each of the species, while the monthly comparisons established significant differences. The results show an annual-monthly trend in terms of landings in Anconcito, being for T. albacares the months of May to August the highest landings, for C. hippurus two annual-monthly peaks were recorded from January to February and from October to December, while for X. gladius the largest landings were from May to June. The Redundancy Analysis showed that oceanographic variables such as temperature influence the landings of species C. hippurus and X. gladius, while the variables salinity and chlorophyll a do not influence the landings of any species analyzed.
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PECES PELAGICOS GRANDES, ANCONCITO, CORYPHAENA HIPPURUS, THUNNUS ALBACARES