Política arancelaria del Ecuador y su incidencia en el comercio exterior 2008 - 2010
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2011-10-06
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas
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La política arancelaria incide tradicionalmente a las importaciones de bienes, en tanto tradicionalmente se considera que los países demandan bienes que no producen, durante siglos los gobiernos y los interesados en el comercio internacional han discutido las ventajas y los inconvenientes de poner en práctica medidas que obstaculicen el libre comercio, desde el punto de vista de su eficacia económica no hay dudas sobre las ventajas del comercio exterior no intervenido. Pero existe una serie de hechos que aconseja o justifica, según los casos, cierto grado de intervencionismo. Desde hace siglos se ha practicado por muchos países hegemónicos en la esfera económica utilizaron medidas de corte proteccionista, los aranceles son los impuestos que actúan en el comercio internacional. Ecuador en los últimos años ha enfrentado problemas de déficits comercial con la mayoría de sus socios comerciales, así como también ha mantenido una alta concentración mercantil y geográfica, así mismo esto causa una débil estructura productiva, la composición exportadora del país se asienta en productos primarios, problemas en balanza comercial así como también las depreciaciones de los socios comerciales y la reducción de las remesas causaron problemas en cuenta corriente. A estos acontecimientos el Estado implemento una reestructuración arancelaria que inicio con la reducción de aranceles a bienes de capital como también a las materias primas, un segundo hecho fue el incremento de los aranceles a productos de consumo suntuario y así también a un conjunto de productos, el objetivo fue incentivar la producción nacional, medidas que elevarían el nivel de competitividad, una tercera normativa fue avalada por la OMC y CAN, imponer medidas de salvaguardias cambiarias a conjunto de productos procedentes de países, justificando la grave situación que sufría la cuenta corriente, aunque a ciertos países se impuso salvaguardias para así protegerse de las devaluaciones que sufrían sus monedas.
Tariff policy traditionally affects imports of goods , while traditionally considered to require countries that do not produce goods for centuries governments and stakeholders in international trade have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of implementing measures to restrict free trade, from the point of view of economic efficiency there is no doubt about the benefits of foreign trade undisturbed . But there are a number of facts that suggest or justify , as appropriate , a degree of interventionism. For centuries it has been practiced by many countries in economic hegemonic used protectionist measures , tariffs are taxes that act in international trade . Ecuador in recent years has faced problems of trade deficits with most of its trading partners, and also maintained a high concentration and geographical entity , also this causes a weak production structure , the country's export composition is based on primary products , trade balance problems as well as the depreciation of trading partners and reducing problems caused remittances account. At these events the State implemented a tariff restructuring beginning with reducing tariffs on capital goods as well as raw materials , a second event was the increase of tariffs on luxury consumption goods and thus also to a set of products, the aim was to encourage domestic production, measures that would raise the level of competitiveness , third law was endorsed by the WTO and CAN impose safeguard measures to set exchange from countries , justifying the plight suffered by the current account although some countries imposed safeguards to protect against the suffering their currency devaluations
Tariff policy traditionally affects imports of goods , while traditionally considered to require countries that do not produce goods for centuries governments and stakeholders in international trade have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of implementing measures to restrict free trade, from the point of view of economic efficiency there is no doubt about the benefits of foreign trade undisturbed . But there are a number of facts that suggest or justify , as appropriate , a degree of interventionism. For centuries it has been practiced by many countries in economic hegemonic used protectionist measures , tariffs are taxes that act in international trade . Ecuador in recent years has faced problems of trade deficits with most of its trading partners, and also maintained a high concentration and geographical entity , also this causes a weak production structure , the country's export composition is based on primary products , trade balance problems as well as the depreciation of trading partners and reducing problems caused remittances account. At these events the State implemented a tariff restructuring beginning with reducing tariffs on capital goods as well as raw materials , a second event was the increase of tariffs on luxury consumption goods and thus also to a set of products, the aim was to encourage domestic production, measures that would raise the level of competitiveness , third law was endorsed by the WTO and CAN impose safeguard measures to set exchange from countries , justifying the plight suffered by the current account although some countries imposed safeguards to protect against the suffering their currency devaluations
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POLÍTICA ARANCELARIA, COMERCIO EXTERIOR, BALANZA COMERCIAL, COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL