Factores de riesgo y complicaciones en parto prematuro en adolescentes de 14 a 17 años en Hospital León Becerra Camacho 2014
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
ntecedentes.- El embarazo durante la adolescencia son hechos que preocupan a la
sociedad, en el Ecuador las cifras son alarmantes, según el ministerio de salud pública,
dos de cada tres adolescentes están embarazadas, aunque el embarazo es una condición
fisiológica, cuando se presenta en la adolescencia se convierte en un problema, las
consecuencias son múltiples, perjudicando las oportunidades de desarrollo personal y
socio- económico
Objetivos.- El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal, determinar factores de
riesgo y complicaciones en parto prematuro en adolescentes de 14 a 17 años para lo cual
se han identificado el perfil clínico de los pacientes ingresados por diagnóstico.
Metodología.-. se trata de un estudio descriptivo analítico, con un diseño no
experimental realizado en el Hospital León Becerra Camacho en el año 2014.
Resultados.- Se analizaron 100 pacientes entre 14 – 17 años de los cuales el grupo
etario más prevalente fue el de 16 años; 56% (56/100). Se utilizó 100 pacientes para
obtener una confiabilidad del 98% y un margen de error del 2%. Estuvo conformado por
un total de 100 pacientes adolescentes embarazadas entre 14 a 17 años, de las cuales 40
pacientes, su gestación terminó en cesárea, en el Hospital León Becerra Camacho en el
período de estudio, el 35 % de las pacientes corresponden a la edad 16años; el 45%
tienen más de 4 controles prenatales, estado civil 51% unión libre, el 40 % terminaron
su embarazo entre 33 – 34 semanas, el 47 % presentaron Infecciones de Vías Urinarias,
el 60 % finalizó el embarazo en Cesárea, el 63 % de los neonatos fueron adecuados para
la edad gestacional.
Conclusión.- Los factores de riesgo que predominan en este estudio son bajo nivel
socioeconómico (80%), prevalencia de infección de vías urinarias (47%), inadecuado
controles prenatales (45%). La complicación más frecuente en embarazos adolescentes
fue la amenaza de parto pretermino y bajo peso al nacer del producto con el 47%.
Palabras Clave: Embarazo en adolescentes, factores de riesgo, complicaciones, parto
pretermito.
Background.- Pregnancy during adolescence are facts that concern society in Ecuador figures are alarming, according to the Ministry of Public Health, two out of three teenagers are pregnant, but the pregnancy is a physiological condition, when presented in adolescence becomes a problem, the consequences are many, harming opportunities for personal development and socio-economic Objectives.- This study's main objective is to determine risk factors and complications in preterm birth in adolescents aged 14 to 17 years which have identified the clinical profile of patients admitted for diagnosis. Methodology.-. it is an analytical descriptive study with a non-experimental designed in the León Becerra CamachoHospital in 2014. Results.- 100 patients were analyzed between 14 - 17 years of which the most prevalent age group was 16; 56% (56/100). 100 patients was used to obtain a reliability of 98% and a margin of error of 2%. It consisted of a total of 100 pregnant adolescent patients aged 14 to 17 years, of which 40 patients gestation ended in cesarean section in Hospital León Becerra Camacho in the study period. 35% of patients are age 16; 83% is of secondary instruction; 45% have more than 4 prenatal visits, 54% have between three to four sexual partners, 40% completed their pregnancy between 33-34 weeks, 61% had Urinary Tract Infections, 40% completed pregnancy cesarean section, 63% of infants were appropriate for gestational age. CONCLUSION: Risk factors prevailing in this study are low socioeconomic status (80%), prevalence of urinary tract infection (61%), inadequate prenatal controls (45%). The most common complication was the threat teenage pregnancies of preterm delivery and low birth weight of the product to 47%.
Background.- Pregnancy during adolescence are facts that concern society in Ecuador figures are alarming, according to the Ministry of Public Health, two out of three teenagers are pregnant, but the pregnancy is a physiological condition, when presented in adolescence becomes a problem, the consequences are many, harming opportunities for personal development and socio-economic Objectives.- This study's main objective is to determine risk factors and complications in preterm birth in adolescents aged 14 to 17 years which have identified the clinical profile of patients admitted for diagnosis. Methodology.-. it is an analytical descriptive study with a non-experimental designed in the León Becerra CamachoHospital in 2014. Results.- 100 patients were analyzed between 14 - 17 years of which the most prevalent age group was 16; 56% (56/100). 100 patients was used to obtain a reliability of 98% and a margin of error of 2%. It consisted of a total of 100 pregnant adolescent patients aged 14 to 17 years, of which 40 patients gestation ended in cesarean section in Hospital León Becerra Camacho in the study period. 35% of patients are age 16; 83% is of secondary instruction; 45% have more than 4 prenatal visits, 54% have between three to four sexual partners, 40% completed their pregnancy between 33-34 weeks, 61% had Urinary Tract Infections, 40% completed pregnancy cesarean section, 63% of infants were appropriate for gestational age. CONCLUSION: Risk factors prevailing in this study are low socioeconomic status (80%), prevalence of urinary tract infection (61%), inadequate prenatal controls (45%). The most common complication was the threat teenage pregnancies of preterm delivery and low birth weight of the product to 47%.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Embarazo en adolescencia, Trabajo de parto prematuro, Complicaciones del trabajo de parto, Factores de riesgo, Epidemiología analítica, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital General Dr. León Becerra Camacho, Cantón Milagro, Ecuador