Factores de riesgo para desarrollar anemia ferropénica en niños en edad preescolar. Estudio a realizar en el Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor de Santa Elena en el año 2014
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La anemia ferropénica se define como la disminución de la concentración de hemoglobina en la sangre y los más vulnerables son los niños en etapa de desarrollo.
Es considerada un problema de Salud Pública y actualmente representa el tipo de anemia más frecuente, el déficit de hierro asciende hasta un 90% de los casos de anemia. Es objetivo de este proyecto establecer cuáles son los factores de riesgo que están asociados al desarrollo de anemia ferropénica en niños de edad preescolar, se determinó que la condición socioeconómica, así como el estado nutricional, el déficit de hierro en la dieta y problemas de absorción intestinal de hierro son los factores que se encuentran mayormente asociados a esta patología.
Contando con una población de 114 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión se pudo determinar que el 58,77% correspondieron al sexo masculino equivalente a 67 pacientes y el 41,22% equivalente a 37 pacientes de sexo femenino. En cuanto a la raza el mayor porcentaje con un 82.45% de casos se presentó en pacientes de raza mestiza, la raza negra está representada con un 11.40% y por último otras razas corresponden al 6.14%. En cuanto al nivel socioeconómico, se determinó que un 68.42% tiene un una condición socioeconómica baja, mientras que la condición media-alta corresponde a un 31.57%. El 27.19% de los pacientes presenta desnutrición en contraste con un 72.80% que no presenta dicho trastorno. En relación a la dieta alimenticia, obtuvimos que un 33.33% de los niños presentó un déficit de consumo de hierro y un 66.66% obtenía mediante su dieta la cantidad necesaria del mismo. Los problemas intestinales relacionados a mala absorción del hierro se presentó en un 22.80%, de los casos mientras que el 77.19% restante equivalente no presentó problemas intestinales.
Iron deficiency anemia is defined as decreased hemoglobin concentration in the blood and the most vulnerable are children under development. It is considered a public health problem and currently represents the most common type of anemia, iron deficiency amounts up to 90% of cases of anemia. It is the aim of this project to establish what the risk factors that are associated with the development of iron deficiency anemia in preschool children are, it was determined that socioeconomic status and nutritional status, iron deficiency in the diet and absorption problems intestinal iron are the factors that are mostly associated with this pathology. With a population of 114 patients who met the inclusion criteria it was determined that 58.77% were equivalent to 67 male patients and 41.22% equivalent to 37 female patients. As for the race the highest percentage with 82.45% of cases occurred in patients of mixed race, the black race is represented with 11.40% and finally other races correspond to 6.14%. As for the socioeconomic status it was determined that 68.42% have a low socioeconomic status, while the medium-high condition corresponds to 31.57%. The 27.19% of patients suffer from undernutrition in contrast with 72.80% that does not have the disorder. In relation to diet, we obtained a 33.33% of the children had a deficit of consumption of iron and 66.66% obtained through your diet the necessary quantity. Intestinal problems related to poor absorption of iron was presented in 22.80% of cases while the remaining 77.19% had no equivalent intestinal problems.
Iron deficiency anemia is defined as decreased hemoglobin concentration in the blood and the most vulnerable are children under development. It is considered a public health problem and currently represents the most common type of anemia, iron deficiency amounts up to 90% of cases of anemia. It is the aim of this project to establish what the risk factors that are associated with the development of iron deficiency anemia in preschool children are, it was determined that socioeconomic status and nutritional status, iron deficiency in the diet and absorption problems intestinal iron are the factors that are mostly associated with this pathology. With a population of 114 patients who met the inclusion criteria it was determined that 58.77% were equivalent to 67 male patients and 41.22% equivalent to 37 female patients. As for the race the highest percentage with 82.45% of cases occurred in patients of mixed race, the black race is represented with 11.40% and finally other races correspond to 6.14%. As for the socioeconomic status it was determined that 68.42% have a low socioeconomic status, while the medium-high condition corresponds to 31.57%. The 27.19% of patients suffer from undernutrition in contrast with 72.80% that does not have the disorder. In relation to diet, we obtained a 33.33% of the children had a deficit of consumption of iron and 66.66% obtained through your diet the necessary quantity. Intestinal problems related to poor absorption of iron was presented in 22.80% of cases while the remaining 77.19% had no equivalent intestinal problems.
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Anemia ferropénica, Factores de riesgo, Pediatría, Salud escolar, Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor, Cantón Santa Elena, Ecuador