Hemorragia postparto : factores de riesgo y complicaciones en adolescentes de 12- 19 años de edad estudio realizado en el Hospital Provincial Martín Icaza entre enero del 2014 y enero del 2015
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La Hemorragia Postparto es considerada en la actualidad mediante diversos estudios como la principal causa de muerte materna a nivel nacional y mundial, ya que si no se logra diagnosticarla a tiempo y tratarla puede llevar a importantes complicaciones en torno a morbimortalidad materna y neonatal. Debido a aquellos es una de las principales complicaciones que se presenta durante el puerperio inmediato. Nos propusimos determinar los factores de riesgo y las complicaciones de la hemorragia postparto en adolescentes ente los 12 y 19 años de edad; para aquello realizamos un estudio de enfoque cualitativo no experimental de corte transversal observacional retrospectivo donde obtuvimos los datos necesarios, realizamos las respectivas tabulaciones llegando a los siguientes resultados: La incidencia de hemorragia postparto en adolescentes para el periodo Enero 2014- Enero 2015 fue del 8%. Se encontró que la edad pregestacional es un factor de riesgo muy marcado ya que el 75% de los casos estudiados presentaron una edad de entre los 11 y 15 años de edad; además el antecedente de nuliparidad, hemoglobina gestacional <10,5 g/dl, episiotomía intraparto y los pocos controles prenatales son factores de riesgo que caben recalcarlos. Con respecto a las complicaciones concluimos que el 100% de los casos requirieron transfusiones sanguíneas debido a la anemia marcada que presentaron los casos estudiados; además que la sepsis puerperal y el shock hipovolémico se presentaron en el 12,5% de los casos estudiados. Concluimos que tratando de reconocer los factores de riego, un diagnóstico temprano y manejo de hemorragia postparto es la clave para evitar complicaciones y muerte materna.
Postpartum Hemorrhage is considered today by several studies as the leading cause of maternal death at the national and global levels, because if it is not achieved diagnose it early and treat it can lead to significant complications around maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Because of those is a major complication that occurs during the immediate postpartum period. We set out to determine the risk factors and complications of postpartum hemorrhage in adolescents being 12 and 19 years old; for that he conducted a study of non-experimental qualitative approach cross-sectional observational retrospective where we obtained the necessary data, perform the respective tabulations reaching the following results: The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in adolescents for the period January 2014- January 2015 was 8% . Pregestational found that age is a risk factor very marked since 75% of the cases studied had an age of between 11 and 15 years old; Nulliparity also a history of gestational hemoglobin <10.5 g / dl, intrapartum episiotomy and the few prenatal visits are risk factors that fit recalcarlos. With regard to complications we conclude that 100% of cases required blood transfusions because of anemia marked presenting the cases studied; besides that puerperal sepsis and hypovolemic shock they occurred in 12.5%
Postpartum Hemorrhage is considered today by several studies as the leading cause of maternal death at the national and global levels, because if it is not achieved diagnose it early and treat it can lead to significant complications around maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Because of those is a major complication that occurs during the immediate postpartum period. We set out to determine the risk factors and complications of postpartum hemorrhage in adolescents being 12 and 19 years old; for that he conducted a study of non-experimental qualitative approach cross-sectional observational retrospective where we obtained the necessary data, perform the respective tabulations reaching the following results: The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in adolescents for the period January 2014- January 2015 was 8% . Pregestational found that age is a risk factor very marked since 75% of the cases studied had an age of between 11 and 15 years old; Nulliparity also a history of gestational hemoglobin <10.5 g / dl, intrapartum episiotomy and the few prenatal visits are risk factors that fit recalcarlos. With regard to complications we conclude that 100% of cases required blood transfusions because of anemia marked presenting the cases studied; besides that puerperal sepsis and hypovolemic shock they occurred in 12.5%
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Hemorragia posparto, Adolescente, Estudios retrospectivos, Factores riesgo, Hospital General Martín Icaza, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Complicaciones