Programa de seguridad y salud ocupacional en el área de pesado de materia prima. Caso de estudio Empresa: Ecuabarnices.
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Fecha
2015-12-11
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
El presente trabajo, pretende aportar al mejoramiento del ambiente laboral en áreas de pesado de materia prima que se encuentra influenciadas por, las condiciones climáticas de la ciudad de Guayaquil, la falta de conocimiento de las posturas correctas adoptadas por el trabajador, que en conjunto produce un ambiente con disconfort térmico. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa por el método del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene del Trabajo considerando la percepción de los trabajadores ante la exposición de los factores de riesgo críticos con el método de Riesgo Percibido a través de encuestas; para las evaluaciones ambientales de riesgo químicos se utilizó la Norma Española con los VLA y las del factor de riesgo ergonómicas, el método REBA. Con estas técnicas se obtuvo que la dosis del riesgo químico presenta un nivel intolerable en caso de no usar equipo de protección personal, mientras que las mediciones de confort térmico, en las condiciones iniciales de la investigación, evidencia un riesgo intolerable; en cambio la evaluación ergonómica, refleja que en actividades de transportación manual, tres posturas tienen un alto nivel de riesgo. Mantener estas condiciones y acciones inseguras puede ocasionar enfermedades y accidentes entre los trabajadores, por ende se establece recomendaciones para minimizar los efectos en un Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional, objeto de esta investigación, que aporta medidas preventivas para cada factor de riesgos identificado, medido y evaluado, obteniéndose el mejoramiento del ambiente laboral lo que se puede observar en las posteriores evaluaciones, determinándose que el factor de riesgo ergonómico es reducido considerablemente, mientras que el factor químico está controlado, y finalmente con la aplicación de extractores y ventiladores en el área, se mejoró el ambiente térmico, siendo prioritario la implantación de este programa de seguridad, para áreas de similares actividades.
The present work aims to contribute to the improvement of the working environment in areas of heavy raw material which is influenced by the climatic conditions of the city of Guayaquil, the lack of knowledge of the correct positions taken by the worker, that together produced an environment with thermal discomfort. It was carried out a qualitative research by the method of the National Institute of Safety and hygiene of work take into account, the perception of workers before the exposure of the critical risk factors with the method of risk perceived through surveys; The spanish rule with the VLA was used for environmental chemical risk assessments, while, the ergonomic risk, by REBA method factor. Using these techniques it was obtained that the dose of the chemical risk presents an intolerable level if the workers don’t use the personal protective equipment, while measurements of thermal comfort in the initial conditions of the research, evidence of an unacceptable risk; Instead the ergonomic evaluation, reflects that in manual transportation activities, three positions have a high level of risk. Keep these conditions and unsafe actions can cause diseases and accidents among workers, thus establishes recommendations for minimizing the effects in a Safety Program and Occupational Health, object of this research, which provides preventive measures for each risk factor identified, measured and evaluated, resulting in the improvement of the working environment which can be seen in subsequent evaluations determining that the ergonomic risk factor is reduced considerably, while the chemical factor is controlled, and finally the application of extractors and fans in the area, improved the thermal environment, being the priority, the implementation of this programme of security, for areas of similar activities.
The present work aims to contribute to the improvement of the working environment in areas of heavy raw material which is influenced by the climatic conditions of the city of Guayaquil, the lack of knowledge of the correct positions taken by the worker, that together produced an environment with thermal discomfort. It was carried out a qualitative research by the method of the National Institute of Safety and hygiene of work take into account, the perception of workers before the exposure of the critical risk factors with the method of risk perceived through surveys; The spanish rule with the VLA was used for environmental chemical risk assessments, while, the ergonomic risk, by REBA method factor. Using these techniques it was obtained that the dose of the chemical risk presents an intolerable level if the workers don’t use the personal protective equipment, while measurements of thermal comfort in the initial conditions of the research, evidence of an unacceptable risk; Instead the ergonomic evaluation, reflects that in manual transportation activities, three positions have a high level of risk. Keep these conditions and unsafe actions can cause diseases and accidents among workers, thus establishes recommendations for minimizing the effects in a Safety Program and Occupational Health, object of this research, which provides preventive measures for each risk factor identified, measured and evaluated, resulting in the improvement of the working environment which can be seen in subsequent evaluations determining that the ergonomic risk factor is reduced considerably, while the chemical factor is controlled, and finally the application of extractors and fans in the area, improved the thermal environment, being the priority, the implementation of this programme of security, for areas of similar activities.
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SEGURIRAD, HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL, DISCONFORT TÉRMICO, PROGRAMA DE SEGURIDAD, MATERIA PRIMA