Control de proceso de manipulación de los residuos peligrosos biológicos infecciosos en una clínica de hemodiálisis.
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2016-01-18
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
Para objeto de estudio, se presenta el Instituto del Riñón y Diálisis INRIDI San Martín, como un centro médico especializado en: detectar tempranamente las enfermedades Renales en particular la Nefropatía Diabética, controlar y desacelerar la Enfermedad Renal Crónica, en el cual se generan y manejan residuos que se dividen en no peligrosos y peligrosos. En el caso de los desechos peligrosos identificado según sus características: corrosivo, reactivo, explosivo, tóxico, inflamable y/o biológico-infeccioso (CRETIB). En este contexto estos residuos de conformidad a su caracterización son eventualmente capaces de trasmitir enfermedades infecciosas, ante potenciales accidentes como: pinchazos, cortes con material contaminado por el virus de la Hepatitis B (VHB), virus de la Hepatitis C (VHC), y el virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana Adquirida (VIH); pudiendo provocar graves enfermedades infecciosas de etiología vírica, con consecuencias graves e incluido la muerte. Conociendo la realidad actual del manejo de los Residuos Peligrosos Biológicos Infecciosos (RPBI) en la institución, se realizó el análisis y evaluación mediante el empleo de una “Matriz Modificada a la Norma Técnica de Prevención NTP 330”, que nos permitió determinar que en las prácticas y procedimientos operativos se evidencia que los médicos, enfermeras, auxiliares de enfermería y personal de mantenimiento y limpieza mantienen contacto directo con los RPBI en mayor o menor grado de exposición. Observándose que el personal de enfermería, y personal de mantenimiento y limpieza mantienen un mayor contacto de manipulación de los RPBI durante la jornada laboral. Por lo cual se recomienda desarrollar un plan de vigilancia de la salud con procedimientos de trabajo seguro ante la exposición a riesgos biológicos en el manejo de los RPBI.
For the study object, it is presented the Institute of Kidney and Dialysis INRIDI San Martin as a Medical Center Specializing in: early detection of kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy, controlling and slowing down chronic kidney diseases, where waste handling is generated and divided into non-hazardous and hazardous waste. In the case of hazardous waste identified in accordance to its characteristics: corrosive, reactive, explosive, toxic, flammable, biological and/or infectious (CRETIB). In this context, these wastes in accordance to their characterization are eventually able to transmit infectious diseases before potential accidents like: punctures, cuts with contaminated material by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); which may cause serious infectious diseases of viral etiology, with serious consequences, and including death. Considering the current situation of biological-infectious hazardous waste handling (BIHW) in this institution, analysis and evaluation were performed by applying a "modified matrix according to the technical standard of prevention NTP 330”, which allowed us to determine that practices and operating procedures demonstrate that doctors, nurses, auxiliary nurses and the maintenance and cleaning personnel keep direct contact with biological-infectious hazardous waste handling in greater or lesser degree of exposure. Observing the nursing staff, and the maintenance and cleaning personnel have more contact with BIHW during the workday. Therefore, it is recommended to develop a health plan monitoring with the safest working procedures before any exposure to biological risks for Biological-Infectious Hazardous Waste handling.
For the study object, it is presented the Institute of Kidney and Dialysis INRIDI San Martin as a Medical Center Specializing in: early detection of kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy, controlling and slowing down chronic kidney diseases, where waste handling is generated and divided into non-hazardous and hazardous waste. In the case of hazardous waste identified in accordance to its characteristics: corrosive, reactive, explosive, toxic, flammable, biological and/or infectious (CRETIB). In this context, these wastes in accordance to their characterization are eventually able to transmit infectious diseases before potential accidents like: punctures, cuts with contaminated material by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); which may cause serious infectious diseases of viral etiology, with serious consequences, and including death. Considering the current situation of biological-infectious hazardous waste handling (BIHW) in this institution, analysis and evaluation were performed by applying a "modified matrix according to the technical standard of prevention NTP 330”, which allowed us to determine that practices and operating procedures demonstrate that doctors, nurses, auxiliary nurses and the maintenance and cleaning personnel keep direct contact with biological-infectious hazardous waste handling in greater or lesser degree of exposure. Observing the nursing staff, and the maintenance and cleaning personnel have more contact with BIHW during the workday. Therefore, it is recommended to develop a health plan monitoring with the safest working procedures before any exposure to biological risks for Biological-Infectious Hazardous Waste handling.
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SEGURIDAD, HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL, RESIDUOS PELIGROSOS, ENFERMEDADES RENALES, ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS