Ruido laboral en una empresa metalmecánica.
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Fecha
2016-02-18
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
El propósito de este estudio tuvo por objeto la implementación de medidas
de prevención y control de ruido y determinar la incidencia de hipoacusia
por exposición ocupacional al ruido y su relación con otros factores que
pueden inducir pérdida de la capacidad auditiva en los trabajadores del
área de producción y taller de la Compañía Metálicas S.A.,, con el fin de
salvaguardar la salud auditiva de los trabajadores y mantener un
ambiente de trabajo libre de contaminación acústica. Se identificaron
fuentes de ruido y actividades inherentes en los puestos de trabajo
capaces de causar daño a la audición o causar molestias para la
realización de actividades intelectuales y de supervisión. Con estos
antecedentes se evaluaron los niveles de presión sonora en los lugares
de trabajo idóneos para la medición mediante un sonómetro calibrado.
Los resultados obtenidos durante la medición demostraron que los niveles
de ruido en las áreas de Producción y Taller, sobrepasan el límite máximo
permisible de 85 dBA; límites establecidos por el Reglamento de
Seguridad y Salud de los Trabajadores y Mejoramiento del Medio
Ambiente de Trabajo 2393. Para garantizar que los trabajadores que
ingresan al área del Producción y Taller minimicen el riesgo de pérdida
auditiva, se dictaminó el uso obligatorio de protectores auditivos;
asimismo, se diseñó un plan de rotación del personal con el fin de
disminuir el tiempo de exposición a ruido de cada uno de los trabajadores.
Cabe recalcar que esta medida se diseñó con el fin que se la implemente
en un futuro. Otra medida de control fue la ejecución de un plan de
capacitación para los trabajadores, con el fin de dar a conocer los efectos
del ruido en la salud y las medidas de control implementadas por la
Compañía.
The purpose of this study was aimed at the implementation of prevention and control of noise and determine the incidence of hearing loss from occupational noise exposure and its relation to other factors that can induce hearing loss in workers of the production area workshop and Metal Company SA,, in order to safeguard the hearing health of workers and maintain a work environment free of noise pollution. Inherent noise sources and activities in the workplace that can cause hearing damage or cause discomfort to perform intellectual activities and supervision were identified. With this background sound pressure levels at places of work suitable for the measurement they were evaluated using a calibrated sound level meter. The results obtained during the measurement showed that noise levels in the areas of production and workshop, exceed the maximum allowable limit of 85 dBA; limits set by the Regulations on Safety and Health of Workers and Improvement of Working Environment 2393. To ensure that workers entering the production area and workshop minimize the risk of hearing loss, the mandatory use of hearing protectors is ruled; Also, a staff rotation plan in order to reduce the noise exposure time of each worker was designed. It should be noted that this measure was designed in order to be implemented in the future. Another control measure was the implementation of a training program for workers, in order to publicize the effects of noise on health and control measures implemented by the Company.
The purpose of this study was aimed at the implementation of prevention and control of noise and determine the incidence of hearing loss from occupational noise exposure and its relation to other factors that can induce hearing loss in workers of the production area workshop and Metal Company SA,, in order to safeguard the hearing health of workers and maintain a work environment free of noise pollution. Inherent noise sources and activities in the workplace that can cause hearing damage or cause discomfort to perform intellectual activities and supervision were identified. With this background sound pressure levels at places of work suitable for the measurement they were evaluated using a calibrated sound level meter. The results obtained during the measurement showed that noise levels in the areas of production and workshop, exceed the maximum allowable limit of 85 dBA; limits set by the Regulations on Safety and Health of Workers and Improvement of Working Environment 2393. To ensure that workers entering the production area and workshop minimize the risk of hearing loss, the mandatory use of hearing protectors is ruled; Also, a staff rotation plan in order to reduce the noise exposure time of each worker was designed. It should be noted that this measure was designed in order to be implemented in the future. Another control measure was the implementation of a training program for workers, in order to publicize the effects of noise on health and control measures implemented by the Company.
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL, RUIDO, HIPOACUSIA, SONOMETRÍA, AUDIOMETRÍA, PROGRAMA DE PROTECCIÓN AUDITIVA