Evaluación de la salud auditiva de trabajadores de la Central "Aníbal Santos" expuestos al ruido de la Empresa CNEL EP Unidad de Negocio Guayaquil y propuesta de implementación de un programa de prevención de pérdidas auditivas.
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2016-02-22
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
El objeto del presente estudio se orienta hacia los niveles de ruido a que están expuestos los ciento treinta trabajadores de las subestaciones eléctricas, en que se destaca la necesidad de evaluar la salud auditiva laboral, realizando una investigación de campo a los trabajadores de la Central “Aníbal Santos”, expuestos al ruido de la Empresa CNEL.EP, Unidad de negocio Guayaquil; cumpliendo con la construcción teórica y su validación práctica, dentro de la armonía objetiva y subjetiva expresada en los fenómenos ambientales identificada como contaminación sonora, que permite primar el riesgo sobre la salud humana, proyectándose a la Implementación de un programa de prevención de pérdidas auditivas para mantener controlados y protegidos a los trabajadores en materia de salud laboral. Con la determinación del ruido como el factor de riesgo que no ha sido suficientemente controlado en los centros de trabajo, se desarrolla el presente estudio con una investigación de Campo que se cumplió con la determinación de un diagnóstico, que se orienta a conocer el estado de salud auditiva de los trabajadores, aplicando las audiometrías que de acuerdo con lo planteado por el médico del área de Generación pueden proporcionar en la referida empresa en la cual se distingue al ruido como la principal causa de pérdida de audición que de no adoptarse las medidas correctivas necesarias se presentará una pérdida auditiva importante. Sin embargo del riesgo que les corresponde afrontar en la empresa, no se cuenta con un cronograma de capacitaciones de apoyo audiovisual, sumadas a la inexistencia de claras medidas de control y previsión auditiva, siendo notable la inexistencia de medidas de control y previsión auditiva inclusive de programas orientados a la previsión de pérdidas auditivas.
The object of this research is focused on the levels of noise, one hundred and thirty workers from electric substations are exposed to. It is stated the necessity to assess and diagnose the auditory health through a field study applied to the workers of “Aníbal Santos” Station who are exposed to the noise of CNEL, EP and Guayaquil Business Unit enterprises. The theoretical foundation and its practical implications about objective and subjective harmony expressed in the environmental phenomenon identified as resounding pollution allows to determine the risk for human health; in order to plan a design and implementation of a prevention program to avoid the loss of auditory. Thus, workers will be safe, controlled and monitored in their labor health. Being the noise a risk fact which has not been controlled enough at working centers, it was feasible a study field in order to determine a diagnosis about auditory health on workers. Hearing test with Audiometers applied according to the area doctor criteria can reveal the noise, as the main cause of auditory loss. Moreover, the risk will increase in a significant level if corrective measures are not taken into account properly. It is confirmed that the number of workers mainly exposed to the highest levels of noise are those who work at electric production centrals. However, the enterprise that has to deal with the risk of labor health does not have a plan such as training and support timetables or a prevention of auditory loss program.
The object of this research is focused on the levels of noise, one hundred and thirty workers from electric substations are exposed to. It is stated the necessity to assess and diagnose the auditory health through a field study applied to the workers of “Aníbal Santos” Station who are exposed to the noise of CNEL, EP and Guayaquil Business Unit enterprises. The theoretical foundation and its practical implications about objective and subjective harmony expressed in the environmental phenomenon identified as resounding pollution allows to determine the risk for human health; in order to plan a design and implementation of a prevention program to avoid the loss of auditory. Thus, workers will be safe, controlled and monitored in their labor health. Being the noise a risk fact which has not been controlled enough at working centers, it was feasible a study field in order to determine a diagnosis about auditory health on workers. Hearing test with Audiometers applied according to the area doctor criteria can reveal the noise, as the main cause of auditory loss. Moreover, the risk will increase in a significant level if corrective measures are not taken into account properly. It is confirmed that the number of workers mainly exposed to the highest levels of noise are those who work at electric production centrals. However, the enterprise that has to deal with the risk of labor health does not have a plan such as training and support timetables or a prevention of auditory loss program.
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE PREVENCIÓN DE PÉRDIDAS AUDITIVAS, EXPOSICIÓN AL RUIDO, RUIDOS