Diseño de un programa de capacitación para prevención de enfermedades músculo-ligamentarias en una Empresa Siderúrgica.
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2016-10-18
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
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Se estudia la incidencia de dolor lumbar de origen laboral en trabajadores sometidos a factores de riesgo ergonómico de alto grado con el objetivo principal de definir los principales aspectos a ser tomados en cuenta en el diseño de un programa de prevención basado en el adiestramiento muscular dirigido a zonas corporales críticas. Metodología: Es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo correlacional no experimental transversal, realizado en una empresa siderúrgica, el cual analiza el comportamiento epidemiológico acontecido en un período de 20 meses (Noviembre 2011 a Junio 2013), en un total de 74 empleados que desarrollaban sus labores en las áreas de producción de tubos, perfiles y láminas de acero. Se utilizaron los métodos OWAS y REBA para la evaluación del riesgo ergonómico. Resultados: Se detectó enfermedad muscular lumbar principalmente entre el personal de Tuberas (37.5%). No se detectó una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre obesidad, aumento del perímetro abdominal, práctica de deportes o ejercicio y la incidencia de patología lumbar. Se encontraron varias actividades con necesidad de intervención inmediata desde el punto de vista ergonómico.Conclusiones: El tipo de actividad física que, de manera personal y aislada realiza a diario el empleado ya sea como hábito de ejercicio o deporte, no es suficiente para evitar la aparición y desarrollo de patología músculo-ligamentaria de origen laboral mucho más cuando se debe enfrentar tareas que fomentan la actividad muscular estática. Se requiere, en este sentido, de un programa de entrenamiento muscular específico acorde al tipo de actividad muscular predominante a enfrentar (estática o dinámica)
The incidence of low back pain occupational origin in workers subjected to ergonomic risk factors of high level is studied with the main objective of defining the main aspects to be taken in the design of a “prevention program” which is based on muscular training to body critical areas. Methodology: This is a correlational no experimental quantitative descriptive study conducted in a steel company, which analyzes the epidemiological behavior happened in a period of 20 months (November 2011 to June 2013), in a total of 74 employees who developed their work in areas of production of pipes, profiles and sheets of steel. REBA and OWAS were the methods used for assessing ergonomic risk. Results: Lumbar muscle disease was detected mainly among Tuberas staff (37.5%). It was not detected a statistically significant correlation between obesity, increased abdominal area, practicing some sports or exercises and the incidence of lumbar pathology. Several activities were found in need of immediate intervention from the ergonomic point of view .Conclusions: The type of physical activity, as a personal way and isolated manner that an employee does either as a habit of exercise or sport, is not sufficient to avoid the appearance and development of muscular and ligament pathology as an origin job even when to face tasks that promote static muscle activities. It requires, in this point, a specific muscle training program according to the type of muscle activity dominant to face (static or dynamic).
The incidence of low back pain occupational origin in workers subjected to ergonomic risk factors of high level is studied with the main objective of defining the main aspects to be taken in the design of a “prevention program” which is based on muscular training to body critical areas. Methodology: This is a correlational no experimental quantitative descriptive study conducted in a steel company, which analyzes the epidemiological behavior happened in a period of 20 months (November 2011 to June 2013), in a total of 74 employees who developed their work in areas of production of pipes, profiles and sheets of steel. REBA and OWAS were the methods used for assessing ergonomic risk. Results: Lumbar muscle disease was detected mainly among Tuberas staff (37.5%). It was not detected a statistically significant correlation between obesity, increased abdominal area, practicing some sports or exercises and the incidence of lumbar pathology. Several activities were found in need of immediate intervention from the ergonomic point of view .Conclusions: The type of physical activity, as a personal way and isolated manner that an employee does either as a habit of exercise or sport, is not sufficient to avoid the appearance and development of muscular and ligament pathology as an origin job even when to face tasks that promote static muscle activities. It requires, in this point, a specific muscle training program according to the type of muscle activity dominant to face (static or dynamic).
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SEGURIDAD, HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL, ERGONOMÍA PARTICIPATIVA, ENFERMEDADES MUSCULO-LIGAMENTARIAS, EMPRESA SIDERÚRGICA