Incidencia de trastornos músculo esqueléticos en cajeros de cabinas de cobro. Propuesta diseño de cabinas.
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Fecha
2016-10-20
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
Los altos índices de enfermedades ocupacionales relacionados a los riesgos ergonómicos se derivan de la escasa protección que las empresas brindan a sus trabajadores y a la falta de gestión en el mejoramiento de las condiciones de trabajo, estos riesgos se presentan sobre todo por las posturas que debe adoptar el trabajador durante su jornada laboral, ya que el factor de riesgo ergonómico no está asociado a índices de accidentalidad. Se analizaron las condiciones de trabajo del cargo de cajeros de cabinas de cobro de una terminal terrestre del Ecuador para lo cual se utilizó el cuestionario nórdico de Kuorinka, que identifica sintomatología musculo esquelética y el método de REBA, el cual estima el riesgo de padecer este tipo de desórdenes durante la jornada laboral. Del cuestionario nórdico se obtuvo que el 63,3% de los trabajadores ha tenido molestias en cuello en los últimos 12 meses; de estos trabajadores el 47,4% califica el dolor como muy fuerte. Otra zona que se identificó con sintomatología fue la dorsal, con un 56,7 %. EL 35,3% de los trabajadores que tienen dolor en esta zona, indicaron que es muy fuerte. Al analizar el riesgo ergonómico por el método de REBA se determinó que los segmentos corporales más afectados son cuello, tronco y extremidades teniendo como resultado que el riesgo es no tolerable y que es necesario realizar una pronta intervención para así evitar apariciones de enfermedades ocupacionales y mejorar el ambiente de trabajo de los cajeros. Se propone realizar un diseño ergonómico de cabinas de cobro para mejorar las condiciones actuales del puesto.
The higher ranges of occupational sicknesses related to ergonomic risks came from the lack of protection that the enterprises give to theirs employees and the lack of attention authorities have in improving the work environment. This risks came mostly from the postures the workers have to perform during their work journey because the ergonomic risks are not related to accidental reasons. The work conditions of the “Terminal Terrestre’ cashier in Ecuador were analyzed using Kuorinka Nordic Questionnaire which identifies skeletal and muscular symptoms and the REBA method which estimates the percent of suffering this type of injuries during work time. Nordic Questionnaire shows that 63% of cashiers had suffer neck pain in the last 12 months. 47% of them rate the pain as really high. Another zone causing pain is the lower back with a 56%. 35% said it was a very intense pain. REBA method shows that the more affected parts of the body were neck, core and lower back. Analizing the ergonomic risk identified by the REBA method, it was determined that the body segments mostly affected were the neck the lower back and the limbs taking in mind that it is necessary to realized an intervention as soon as possible in order to prevent the development of future laboral disorders and to improve the environment among cashier employees.
The higher ranges of occupational sicknesses related to ergonomic risks came from the lack of protection that the enterprises give to theirs employees and the lack of attention authorities have in improving the work environment. This risks came mostly from the postures the workers have to perform during their work journey because the ergonomic risks are not related to accidental reasons. The work conditions of the “Terminal Terrestre’ cashier in Ecuador were analyzed using Kuorinka Nordic Questionnaire which identifies skeletal and muscular symptoms and the REBA method which estimates the percent of suffering this type of injuries during work time. Nordic Questionnaire shows that 63% of cashiers had suffer neck pain in the last 12 months. 47% of them rate the pain as really high. Another zone causing pain is the lower back with a 56%. 35% said it was a very intense pain. REBA method shows that the more affected parts of the body were neck, core and lower back. Analizing the ergonomic risk identified by the REBA method, it was determined that the body segments mostly affected were the neck the lower back and the limbs taking in mind that it is necessary to realized an intervention as soon as possible in order to prevent the development of future laboral disorders and to improve the environment among cashier employees.
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SEGURIDAD, HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL, TRASTORNOS MUSCULOESQUELÉTICOS, CABINAS, MÉTODO REBA