Fugas de amoníaco, sus consecuencias y plan de acción frente a una emergencia.
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2016-10-25
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
Este trabajo plantea la gestión de riesgo químico en sistemas de refrigeración cuando se producen fugas de amoníaco, sus consecuencias y el manejo de las mismas para lograr controlarlas y regresar al funcionamiento normal del sistema. La industria alimenticia comúnmente tiene procesos de enfriamiento y congelamiento de productos. Para este efecto generalmente se utiliza equipos cuyo refrigerante principal es el amoníaco anhidro. Como objetivo general de este trabajo se planteó la necesidad de elaborar un Plan de Emergencia que permita a la empresa enfrentar sucesos no deseados cuando estos involucren fugas de amoníaco al ambiente, protegiendo a los empleados, los bienes de la empresa y a la colectividad. Se utilizó como guía metodológica el Plan de Manejo de Riesgos para instalaciones de refrigeración por amoníaco, preparado por la compañía Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), en concordancia con las regulaciones de EPA (Environment Protection Agency). Se empleó el software ALOHA® para analizar cuantitativamente la dispersión del gas tóxico, su influencia y alcance para determinar cuál será el protocolo de emergencia a activar. Como resultado incluye una guía para la preparación de un modelo de Plan de Emergencia, por lo que podría ser considerado en la elaboración de planes generales de emergencia a escala industrial cuando se relacionan con amoníaco.
This work proposes the study of chemical risk management in refrigeration systems when ammonia leaks occur, its consequences and how to manage them, in order to achieve control and return to normal operation. The food industry commonly has, among its processes, processes of cooling and freezing to maintain and preserve the products. To do this, usually they use equipmen that work with ammonia as refrigerant. The general objective is to set the need of developing a Plan of Emergency which enables to face these undesirable events, when them involve ammonia leaks to the environment, in order to protect to the employees, the goods of the company and the comunity. The Model Risk Management Program and Plan for ammonia refrigeration, was used as a methodological guide. It was prepared by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), according to EPA (Environment Protection Agency) regulations. ALOHA® software was used to quantitatively analyze the dispersion of toxic gas, its influence and range to determine the emergency protocol to be activated. As result includes a guide for the preparation of a Plan of emergency model it includes, thus it could be considered in the development of general plans of emergency at industrial level when they deal with ammonia.
This work proposes the study of chemical risk management in refrigeration systems when ammonia leaks occur, its consequences and how to manage them, in order to achieve control and return to normal operation. The food industry commonly has, among its processes, processes of cooling and freezing to maintain and preserve the products. To do this, usually they use equipmen that work with ammonia as refrigerant. The general objective is to set the need of developing a Plan of Emergency which enables to face these undesirable events, when them involve ammonia leaks to the environment, in order to protect to the employees, the goods of the company and the comunity. The Model Risk Management Program and Plan for ammonia refrigeration, was used as a methodological guide. It was prepared by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), according to EPA (Environment Protection Agency) regulations. ALOHA® software was used to quantitatively analyze the dispersion of toxic gas, its influence and range to determine the emergency protocol to be activated. As result includes a guide for the preparation of a Plan of emergency model it includes, thus it could be considered in the development of general plans of emergency at industrial level when they deal with ammonia.
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SEGURIDAD, HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL, FUGAS DE AMONÍACO, GASES TÓXICOS, PLAN DE ACCIÓN FRENTE A EMERGENCIAS