Propuesta de diseño de programa de vigilancia de la salud para una empresa constructora. Caso de estudio: AJC Construcciones Civiles.
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2016-11-10
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
El presente estudio fue realizado en la pequeña empresa del sector de la construcción de obras civiles “AJC Construcciones Civiles” con el objetivo principal de elaborar una propuesta de Programa de Vigilancia de la Salud para mitigación y detección precoz de enfermedades profesionales en los trabajadores. Se justifica el proyecto fundamentalmente desde el criterio de responsabilidad social debido a la desprotección y olvido de los obreros de los de las obras de construcción. Se fundamenta en solidos antecedentes de investigación que dieron soporte e este estudio. Se identificaron los procesos y actividades más recurrentes de la empresa y se determinó los riesgos y peligros críticos inherentes a las labores de trabajo y las patologías más recurrentes padecidas por los trabajadores. La Metodología fue de tipo descriptiva y transversal; de diseño no experimental con abordaje cuantitativo y cualitativo y analítico como instrumentos de recolección de datos se utilizó la matriz de identificación y evaluación de Riesgos del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene del Trabajo de España, encuesta de morbilidad sentida y la realización de historia clínica ocupacional. Se identificaron riesgos críticos e importantes de carácter físico, ergonómico y químico, así como la presencia de dermatitis alérgica de contacto al cemento e indicios de patologías musculares, por lo cual se elabora la propuesta de programa para controlar y mitigar esos factores que pudieran ocasionar alteración en la salud de los trabajadores. Finalmente se realiza una evaluación económica de la propuesta versus la responsabilidad patronal por declaración de una posible enfermedad ocupacional determinando que resulta beneficioso el invertir para la futura implementación de la propuesta.
This study was conducted in small business in the area of the construction division of civil engineering "AJC Constructions Civilians" having as the main objective to develop a proposal for the Health surveillance program for the mitigation and early detection of occupational diseases in construction workers. The project is justified primarily from the criterion of social responsibility because of the vulnerability and neglect of the construction workers. The project was founded on solid and consistent research background on company policies mainly in order to support to the study. It has been also researched all activities regarding health risks and most critical diseases and conditions associated among construction workers. The methodology we used was descriptive and transversal; non-experimental design with quantitative and qualitative analytical approach. The data was collected from the matrix of identification and risk assessment of the National Institute of Safety and Occupational Health of Spain, morbidity surveys and finally by conducting a detailed occupational clinical medical history. Consequently, critical and significant risks of physical, ergonomic and chemical nature, as well as the presence of allergic contact dermatitis, cement and signs of muscle pathologies were also identified. The proposed program is developed to control and mitigate those factors that could cause alteration in the health of workers. Finally, an economic assessment of the proposal versus the employer's responsibility for declaring a potential occupational disease determining that it is beneficial to invest for the future implementation of the proposal.
This study was conducted in small business in the area of the construction division of civil engineering "AJC Constructions Civilians" having as the main objective to develop a proposal for the Health surveillance program for the mitigation and early detection of occupational diseases in construction workers. The project is justified primarily from the criterion of social responsibility because of the vulnerability and neglect of the construction workers. The project was founded on solid and consistent research background on company policies mainly in order to support to the study. It has been also researched all activities regarding health risks and most critical diseases and conditions associated among construction workers. The methodology we used was descriptive and transversal; non-experimental design with quantitative and qualitative analytical approach. The data was collected from the matrix of identification and risk assessment of the National Institute of Safety and Occupational Health of Spain, morbidity surveys and finally by conducting a detailed occupational clinical medical history. Consequently, critical and significant risks of physical, ergonomic and chemical nature, as well as the presence of allergic contact dermatitis, cement and signs of muscle pathologies were also identified. The proposed program is developed to control and mitigate those factors that could cause alteration in the health of workers. Finally, an economic assessment of the proposal versus the employer's responsibility for declaring a potential occupational disease determining that it is beneficial to invest for the future implementation of the proposal.
Descripción
Este documento contiene archivo en PDF.
Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL, DISEÑO DE PROGRAMA DE VIGILANCIA DE SALUD, CONSTRUCCIONES CIVILES, RIESGOS Y PELIGROS