Preeclampsia, factores de riesgo y complicaciones, estudio a realizar en el Hospital Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, período 2015
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La Preeclampsia es una enfermedad de origen desconocido y multifactorial, causa repercusiones sobre la madre y el recién nacido, es motivo de ingresos hospitalarios y repercusiones económicas para la familia.
Es una de las principales causas de muerte materno- fetal a nivel de Ecuador y a nivel mundial. El fin de esta investigación es brindar una herramienta a los profesionales de la Salud que brindan la atención correspondiente a embarazadas mediante el reconocimiento de los principales factores de riesgo y su correlación con las posibles complicaciones a lo largo de su etapa de Gestación.
Este estudio se realizó en el Hospital Maternidad Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, entre los objetivos planteados fueron: establecer los factores de riesgo en mujeres preeclampticas, y diagnosticar las complicaciones en el grupo estudiado. Los materiales y métodos utilizados en este trabajo están basados en un estudio Retrospectivo Descriptivo No Experimental. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de las historias clínicas de las pacientes atendidas en el área de Emergencia y toco-quirúrgico con diagnóstico de Preeclampsia en el periodo establecido, se elaboró un formulario para la recolección de la misma. La muestra fue de 100 casos de Enero a Diciembre del 2015.
Se concluye que las pacientes preeclampticas se presentan en mayor frecuencia en edades comprendidas entre los 15- 18 años y 27 y 30 años con un 20% cada uno, comprobándose una de ellas descritas en la literatura que afirma que es más frecuentes en pacientes menores de 20 años, sin embargo está asociada factores predisponentes como lo son, raza mestiza, multigestas, los cuales fueron de mayor frecuencia. Además se presentaron complicaciones fetales como lo es el síndrome de Distres respiratorio a diferencia de las maternas que fueron mínimas. Finalmente de acuerdo a los resultados se realizó recomendaciones.
PALABRAS CLAVES: PREECLAMPSIA, ECLAMPSIA, SINDROME DE HELP, PRIMIGRAVIDEZ
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Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease of unknown origin, cause effects on the mother and newborn, is a cause of hospital admissions and economic repercussions for the family. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal death at the level of Ecuador and worldwide. The purpose of this research is to provide a tool for health professionals to provide appropriate care to pregnant by recognizing major risk factors and their correlation with possible complications throughout its gestation period. This study was conducted at the Maternidad Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, among the objectives were: establish risk factors in preeclamptic women, and diagnose complications in the study group. The materials and methods used in this research are based on a retrospective descriptive Non Experimental study. The data were obtained through medical records of patients treated in the emergency area and labor-surgical diagnosed with Preeclampsia in the specified period, a form for gathering it was developed. The sample was 100 cases from January to December 2015. It is concluded that preeclamptic patients present more frequently in aged 15- 18 and 27 and 30 years with 20% each, showed one described in the literature that claims it is more frequent in patients younger than 20 years, however it is associated predisposing factors as they are, mixed race, multigravidity, which they were most often. In addition the fetal complications such as the respiratory distress syndrome were more frequent than maternal complications. Finally according to the results it was conducted recommendations
Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease of unknown origin, cause effects on the mother and newborn, is a cause of hospital admissions and economic repercussions for the family. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal death at the level of Ecuador and worldwide. The purpose of this research is to provide a tool for health professionals to provide appropriate care to pregnant by recognizing major risk factors and their correlation with possible complications throughout its gestation period. This study was conducted at the Maternidad Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, among the objectives were: establish risk factors in preeclamptic women, and diagnose complications in the study group. The materials and methods used in this research are based on a retrospective descriptive Non Experimental study. The data were obtained through medical records of patients treated in the emergency area and labor-surgical diagnosed with Preeclampsia in the specified period, a form for gathering it was developed. The sample was 100 cases from January to December 2015. It is concluded that preeclamptic patients present more frequently in aged 15- 18 and 27 and 30 years with 20% each, showed one described in the literature that claims it is more frequent in patients younger than 20 years, however it is associated predisposing factors as they are, mixed race, multigravidity, which they were most often. In addition the fetal complications such as the respiratory distress syndrome were more frequent than maternal complications. Finally according to the results it was conducted recommendations
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Preeclampsia, Factores de riesgo, Hospital Materno Infantil Dra. Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador