Factores de riesgo y complicaciones del pie diabético infectado en pacientes mayores de 50 años
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El pie diabético es un proceso que se desarrolla debido a la interacción de diferentes factores. Unos factores predisponentes, que pueden ser primarios, entre los que destaca la neuropatía diabética asociada en mayor o menor grado a la macro y microangiopatía, o secundarios, que dan lugar a un pie vulnerable, de alto riesgo. Sobre él actuarán unos factores precipitantes o desencadenantes, de los que el más importante es el traumatismo mecánico, provocando una úlcera o necrosis. Una vez establecida la lesión ejercen su acción unos factores agravantes, que son: la infección, que puede provocar daño tisular extenso; la isquemia, que retrasará la cicatrización, y la neuropatía, que evitará el reconocimiento tanto de la lesión como del factor precipitante. (Blanes, 2012).
Materiales y métodos: Se tomó una muestra de 100 pacientes con pie diabético infectado en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón, de los cuales se obtuvieron a través de una ficha recolectora de datos, mediante un estudio cuantitativo se analizó con técnicas estadísticas descriptivas.
Resultados: El estudio tuvo como principal resultado que el pie diabético infectado tiene mayor incidencia entre edades de 50 a 79 años y esto aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones del pie diabético infectado. Y con frecuencia mayor en el sexo masculino con 61% en relación con el sexo femenino con un 39%. Dentro complicaciones las amputaciones menores representan 60% y las amputaciones mayores un 40%.
The diabetic foot is a process that develops due to the interaction of different factors. Some predisposing factors, which may be primary, among which diabetic neuropathy associated in varying degrees to the macro and microangiopathy, or side, which lead to a vulnerable foot high risk. He will act on some precipitants or triggers, of which the most important is the mechanical trauma, causing an ulcer or necrosis. Once established the injury exert their action some aggravating factors, namely: the infection, which can cause extensive tissue damage; ischemia, which delayed healing, and neuropathy, which prevent recognition from the injury as the precipitating factor. (Blanes, 2012). Materials and Methods: A sample of 100 patients with infected diabetic foot in the Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton, which were obtained through a collector data sheet, using a quantitative study was analyzed with descriptive statistical techniques were noted. Results: The study had as main result the infected diabetic foot is more prevalent between the ages of 50-79 years and this increases the risk of complications of infected diabetic foot. And often greater in males with 61% in relation to the female with 39%. Complications in minor amputations represent 60% and 40% major amputations.
The diabetic foot is a process that develops due to the interaction of different factors. Some predisposing factors, which may be primary, among which diabetic neuropathy associated in varying degrees to the macro and microangiopathy, or side, which lead to a vulnerable foot high risk. He will act on some precipitants or triggers, of which the most important is the mechanical trauma, causing an ulcer or necrosis. Once established the injury exert their action some aggravating factors, namely: the infection, which can cause extensive tissue damage; ischemia, which delayed healing, and neuropathy, which prevent recognition from the injury as the precipitating factor. (Blanes, 2012). Materials and Methods: A sample of 100 patients with infected diabetic foot in the Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton, which were obtained through a collector data sheet, using a quantitative study was analyzed with descriptive statistical techniques were noted. Results: The study had as main result the infected diabetic foot is more prevalent between the ages of 50-79 years and this increases the risk of complications of infected diabetic foot. And often greater in males with 61% in relation to the female with 39%. Complications in minor amputations represent 60% and 40% major amputations.
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Pie diabético, Factores de riesgo, Complicaciones, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Infección