Determinación de depresión y síndrome de Burnout por instrumentos psicométricos en internos de medicina en la Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, período 2015-2016
Fecha
2016
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
Los estudiantes de medicina se caracterizan por tener un currículum académico brillante previo a la entrada a la universidad, lo cual les permite superar los elevados requerimientos del proceso de selección. A lo largo de los estudios están sometidos a altos requerimientos de rendimiento y cuando inician la formación clínica en contacto con pacientes se enfrentan a conflictos emocionales considerables. Todos estos factores suponen importantes fuentes de estrés que inciden sobre su salud mental y se añaden a su propia vulnerabilidad psicobiológica y a otros conflictos generales propios de su edad.
El alto nivel de estrés que padecen los internos de pregrado sobrepasa su capacidad de afrontamiento y pone en riesgo o alteración su salud psicológica. Diversos estudios han registrado durante este periodo la presencia de trastornos depresivos, trastornos de ansiedad, ideas suicidas y abuso de alcohol y drogas. Métodos.- Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo prospectivo no experimental en el cual se determinó la cantidad de internos de medicina de la universidad de Guayaquil del periodo 2015 – 2106 que presentaban algún grado de trastorno depresivo y síndrome de Burnout mediante el uso de escalas psicométricas autoaplicados correspondiente para cada patología.
Resultados.- se estudiaron 372 internos de medicina, se encontró que todos los internos padecían de algún grado de depresión, siendo la depresión en su grado moderado la más frecuente en un 49% seguida de depresión leve en un 24%, depresión grave en un 7% y mínima depresión en un 20%; llama la atención que la preguntar por visita en los últimos 5 años a un especialista de la salud mental solo se reportó que solo un 7% había visitado un profesional. En el caso de estrés crónico se reportó solo un 5% de los participantes no padecía ningún síntoma de estrés crónico y en cambio el 68% presentaba síntomas de estrés crónico en grado moderado, el 26% estrés crónico leve y un 5% estrés crónico profundo.
Conclusión.- se concluye que los internos de medicina la totalidad de los encuestados presentan algún grado de trastorno depresivo o de estrés crónico por lo que se sugiere estudios posteriores y un llamado de atención a las autoridades que deben velar por la salud mental de los futuros médicos considerados una población en riesgo y crear programas y estrategias de salud mental
Medical students are characterized by a brilliant academic curriculum prior to entering college, which enables them to overcome the high requirements of the selection process. Throughout the studies they are subjected to high performance requirements and when they start clinical training in contact with patients face considerable emotional conflicts. All these factors represent significant sources of stress that affect their mental health and added to their own psychobiological vulnerability and other general conflicts of his own age. The high level of stress experienced by inmates undergraduate exceeds their ability to cope and threatening or altering their psychological health. Studies have registered during this period the presence of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and drug and alcohol abuse. 2106 which presented some degree of depressive disorder and burnout syndrome by using psychometric scales - Methods.- description non experimental prospective observational study in which the amount of internal medicine at the University of Guayaquil 2015 period was determined was conducted autoapplied corresponding to each disease. Results.- 372 medical interns were studied, it was found that all inmates suffering from some degree of depression, depression being the most frequent in its moderate at 49% followed by mild depression by 24%, severe depression in a 7% and minimal depression 20%; It draws attention to ask for the visit in the last 5 years to a mental health specialist only it was reported that only 7% had visited a professional. In the case of chronic stress was reported only 5% of the participants did not suffer any symptoms of chronic stress and instead 68% had symptoms of chronic stress in moderate, 26% mild chronic stress and 5% deep chronic stress . Conclusion.- is concluded that medical interns all respondents have some degree of depressive disorder or chronic stress so suggested further studies and a warning to the authorities to ensure the mental health of future doctors considered a population at risk and create programs and mental health strategies
Medical students are characterized by a brilliant academic curriculum prior to entering college, which enables them to overcome the high requirements of the selection process. Throughout the studies they are subjected to high performance requirements and when they start clinical training in contact with patients face considerable emotional conflicts. All these factors represent significant sources of stress that affect their mental health and added to their own psychobiological vulnerability and other general conflicts of his own age. The high level of stress experienced by inmates undergraduate exceeds their ability to cope and threatening or altering their psychological health. Studies have registered during this period the presence of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and drug and alcohol abuse. 2106 which presented some degree of depressive disorder and burnout syndrome by using psychometric scales - Methods.- description non experimental prospective observational study in which the amount of internal medicine at the University of Guayaquil 2015 period was determined was conducted autoapplied corresponding to each disease. Results.- 372 medical interns were studied, it was found that all inmates suffering from some degree of depression, depression being the most frequent in its moderate at 49% followed by mild depression by 24%, severe depression in a 7% and minimal depression 20%; It draws attention to ask for the visit in the last 5 years to a mental health specialist only it was reported that only 7% had visited a professional. In the case of chronic stress was reported only 5% of the participants did not suffer any symptoms of chronic stress and instead 68% had symptoms of chronic stress in moderate, 26% mild chronic stress and 5% deep chronic stress . Conclusion.- is concluded that medical interns all respondents have some degree of depressive disorder or chronic stress so suggested further studies and a warning to the authorities to ensure the mental health of future doctors considered a population at risk and create programs and mental health strategies
Descripción
Palabras clave
Depresión, Agotamiento profesional, Salud mental, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Estudiantes de medicina, Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina, Estudios prospectivos, Epidemiología descriptiva, Agotamiento psicológico