Ulcera péptica, factores de riesgo de hemorragía digestiva alta Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón año 2014
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
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Introducción: La hemorragia digestiva alta por úlcera péptica es una causa muy frecuente de ingreso hospitalario debido a la emergencia médica que representa, además de su elevada tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad. Para el seguimiento se requiere de estancia hospitalaria, gastos administrativos e insumos médicos, por lo que este estudio tiene como objetivo general determinar los factores de riesgo de hemorragia digestiva alta por úlcera péptica.
Metodología: Es un estudio básico, retrospectivo, de corte transversal y descriptivo, realizada en el área de emergencia del Hospital de especialidades Guayaquil “Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón” año 2014. Con una muestra de 41 pacientes, Los datos se obtuvieron por observación indirecta y se analizaron con la ayuda del software Microsoft Excel 2010.
Resultados: El sexo predominante con un 71% fue para los varones. La edad de mayor incidencia fue entre los 60 – 80 años con un 46%. Los hábitos tóxicos de mayor frecuencia fueron: 49% alcohol, 39% tabaco, 32% calcio antagonistas y 17% de AINES. El 91% de los pacientes pertenecían al grupo sanguíneo O Rh+. La manifestación clínica predominante fue la hematemesis con un 37%. Las principales comorbilidades fueron la Hipertensión arterial 66%, Diabetes mellitus 34%, Insuficiencia renal crónica 22%. La úlcera péptica más frecuente fue la úlcera gástrica con un 90%. Las transfusiones sanguíneas fueron requeridas en un 90% de los pacientes, corroborando con el gran ingreso de pacientes con hematemesis.
Conclusiones: el alcohol, el tabaco, los antagonistas de calcio y los AINES son los principales factores de riesgos de hemorragias digestivas altas por úlceras pépticas, y afectan principalmente a los varones.
Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding peptic ulcer is a very common cause of hospitalization due to medical emergency that represents, in addition to its high rate of morbidity and mortality. For monitoring it is required hospital stay, administrative costs and medical supplies, so this study is to determine the general objective risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding peptic ulcer. Methodology: This is a basic, retrospective, transversal and descriptive conducted in the emergency area of specialty Hospital Guayaquil "Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón” 2014. With a sample of 41 patients, data were obtained by indirect observation and analyzed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 software. Results: The predominant sex was 71% for males. The peak incidence was between 60 - 80 years with 46%. Toxic habits usually were: 49% alcohol, 39% snuff, 32% and 17% calcium antagonists NSAID. 91% of the patients belonged to blood group O Rh +. The predominant clinical manifestation was hematemesis with 37%. The main comorbidities were hypertension 66%, diabetes mellitus 34%, and 22% chronic renal failure. The most frequent was peptic ulcer gastric ulcer with 90%. Blood transfusions were required in 90% of patients, confirming the high income patients hematemesis. Conclusions: alcohol, snuff, calcium antagonists and NSAIDs are the main risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding peptic ulcer, and mainly affecting males. Keywords: peptic ulcer, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, risk factors, toxic habits, hematemesis and melena.
Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding peptic ulcer is a very common cause of hospitalization due to medical emergency that represents, in addition to its high rate of morbidity and mortality. For monitoring it is required hospital stay, administrative costs and medical supplies, so this study is to determine the general objective risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding peptic ulcer. Methodology: This is a basic, retrospective, transversal and descriptive conducted in the emergency area of specialty Hospital Guayaquil "Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón” 2014. With a sample of 41 patients, data were obtained by indirect observation and analyzed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 software. Results: The predominant sex was 71% for males. The peak incidence was between 60 - 80 years with 46%. Toxic habits usually were: 49% alcohol, 39% snuff, 32% and 17% calcium antagonists NSAID. 91% of the patients belonged to blood group O Rh +. The predominant clinical manifestation was hematemesis with 37%. The main comorbidities were hypertension 66%, diabetes mellitus 34%, and 22% chronic renal failure. The most frequent was peptic ulcer gastric ulcer with 90%. Blood transfusions were required in 90% of patients, confirming the high income patients hematemesis. Conclusions: alcohol, snuff, calcium antagonists and NSAIDs are the main risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding peptic ulcer, and mainly affecting males. Keywords: peptic ulcer, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, risk factors, toxic habits, hematemesis and melena.
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ULCERA PEPTICA, HEMORRAGIA GASTROINTESTINAL, HOSPITAL DE ESPECIALIDADES GUAYAQUIL DR. ABEL GILBERT PONTON, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR, FACTORES DE RIESGO