Artroplastia total de rodilla complicaciones y factores de riesgo en el Hospital Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo período 2011-2013
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La artroplastia total de rodilla es una de las cirugías reconstructivas articulares más frecuentes que se realizan en todo el mundo y a pesar de los cuidados que implica realizar éste tipo de procedimiento, continúan presentándose complicaciones, las cuales incrementan tanto los riesgos para los pacientes y el sistema de salud. El propósito de esta investigación es determinar las complicaciones y factores de riesgo en los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de reemplazo articular total de rodilla en el Hospital IESS Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el periodo 2011-2013. El presente estudio es de tipo descriptivo, no experimental y de corte transversal. Se han analizado a todos los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de consulta externa de Traumatología y Ortopedia entre el 1 de enero del 2011 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2013. La artroplastia total de rodilla se realizó con más frecuencia en el género femenino (54,4%), la edad media fue de 56,7 años. Los factores de riesgo y los antecedentes patológicos personales estuvieron presentes en el 58,4% (73) y 65,1% respectivamente. El 30,16% (38) de la muestra investigada tuvieron complicaciones postoperatorias, de las cuales el 14,29% (18) fueron complicaciones postoperatorias generales y el 15,87% (20) complicaciones postoperatorias locales. Se encontró relación de asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la variable complicación con: factores de riesgo y antecedentes patológicos personales (p=0,0001). Además tener una cirugía previa aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones postoperatorias hasta 2 veces (Odd ratio 2,942 IC 95%).
Total knee arthroplasty is one of the most common joint reconstructive surgeries performed worldwide and despite the care that involves performing this type of procedure, continue to occur complications, which increase risks for patients and the system of health. The purpose of this research is to determine the complications and risk factors in patients undergoing total joint knee replacement surgery at the IESS Hospital Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo during 2011-2013. This study is not experimental descriptive and cross-sectional. They have analyzed all patients treated at the outpatient department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics between 1 January 2011 until 31 December 2013. The total knee arthroplasty was performed more frequently in females (54, 4%), the mean age was 56.7 years. Risk factors and personal medical history were present in 58.4% (73) and 65.1% respectively. The 30.16% (38) of the investigated sample had postoperative complications, of which 14.29% (18) were general postoperative complications and 15.87% (20) local postoperative complications. Risk factors and personal medical history (p = 0.0001) relationship statistically significant association between the variable complication was found. Also have previous surgery increases the risk of postoperative complications up to 2 times (Odd ratio 2,942; CI 95%).
Total knee arthroplasty is one of the most common joint reconstructive surgeries performed worldwide and despite the care that involves performing this type of procedure, continue to occur complications, which increase risks for patients and the system of health. The purpose of this research is to determine the complications and risk factors in patients undergoing total joint knee replacement surgery at the IESS Hospital Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo during 2011-2013. This study is not experimental descriptive and cross-sectional. They have analyzed all patients treated at the outpatient department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics between 1 January 2011 until 31 December 2013. The total knee arthroplasty was performed more frequently in females (54, 4%), the mean age was 56.7 years. Risk factors and personal medical history were present in 58.4% (73) and 65.1% respectively. The 30.16% (38) of the investigated sample had postoperative complications, of which 14.29% (18) were general postoperative complications and 15.87% (20) local postoperative complications. Risk factors and personal medical history (p = 0.0001) relationship statistically significant association between the variable complication was found. Also have previous surgery increases the risk of postoperative complications up to 2 times (Odd ratio 2,942; CI 95%).
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Artroplastia de reemplazo de rodilla, Complicaciones, Factores de riesgo, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Epidemiología descriptiva