Factores de riesgo en pacientes con cirrosis hepática, estudio a realizarse, en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón, período 2014-2015
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La cirrosis hepática es una de las enfermedades con mayor incidencia de mortalidad a nivel mundial; cuyos factores de riesgo más importantes son de tipo alcohólica, virus de la hepatitis B y C y esteatohepatítis no alcohólica.
El presente estudio se basa en la determinación de los principales factores de riesgo en pacientes con cirrosis hepática en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton, incluyendo sus manifestaciones clínicas, complicaciones.
El estudio se basa en un análisis descriptivo retrospectivo, sobre las características de los pacientes y el comportamiento clínico de la cirrosis hepática. En este se incluye un muestreo universal compuesto por 1oo pacientes.
Para la obtención de la información, se revisaron historias clínicas de los pacientes en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton, periodo 2014-2015. Se recabó la información en cada una de las historias clínicas para obtener la información acerca de las características socio demográficas, etiología, estadio clínico, complicaciones.
La cirrosis hepática es una enfermedad crónica que no distingue sexo y se presenta a edades tempranas de la vida. La etiología alcohólica es prevalente en este tipo de pacientes; y en especial, en el sexo masculino, grupo que consume alcohol en forma crónica. Los pacientes presentan estadios avanzados y con presencia de complicaciones de la enfermedad. En este grupo, la principal causa de muerte fue la hemorragia por várices esofágicas.
Se incluyeron 100 personas que fueron diagnosticadas con cirrosis hepática durante 1 año que se incluyen en el análisis; 61 eran hombres (61%), y 39 eran mujeres (39%). La edad promedio fue de entre 20 a 60 años para el sexo masculino y femenino. Los principales factores de riesgo que presentaron los pacientes fueron el consumo crónico de alcohol (67%), esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (22%), la hepatitis B y C (7% y4 %) respectivamente.
Las principales etiologías fueron alcohólicas (67%), hepatitis B (7%) y en menor frecuencia la hepatitis C (4%). Se evidenció que el 100% (67 pacientes) de los pacientes cuya cirrosis fue diagnosticada como de etiología alcohólica presentaban consumo crónico de alcohol.
Liver cirrhosis is a disease with higher incidence of mortality worldwide; whose most important risk factors are alcohol type, hepatitis B and C, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. This study is based on the determination of the main risk factors in patients with liver cirrhosis in Abel Gilbert Ponton Hospital, including its clinical manifestations, complications. The study is based on a retrospective descriptive analysis on patient characteristics and clinical behavior of liver cirrhosis. This sample comprised a universal 1oo patients included. To obtain information, medical records of patients were reviewed at the Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton, 2014-2015. information on each of the medical records were collected to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics, etiology, clinical stage, complications. Liver cirrhosis is a chronic disease that does not distinguish sex and occurs at early ages of life. Alcoholic etiology is prevalent in these patients; and especially in the male group chronically consume alcohol. Patients have advanced and presence of complications from the disease stages. In this group, the main cause of death was bleeding esophageal varices. 100 people who were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis for 1 year are included in the analysis included; 61 were male (61%), and 39 were women (39%). The average age was between 20 to 60 years for male and female. The main risk factors presented by patients were chronic alcohol consumption (67%), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (22%), hepatitis B and C (7% y4%) respectively. The main etiologies were alcoholic (67%), hepatitis B (7%) and less frequently hepatitis C (4%). It showed that 100% (67 patients) of patients whose cirrhosis was diagnosed as alcoholic etiology had chronic alcohol consumption. The most frequent complications were ascites in 119 patients (75.8%) and esophageal varices in 77 patients (49%).
Liver cirrhosis is a disease with higher incidence of mortality worldwide; whose most important risk factors are alcohol type, hepatitis B and C, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. This study is based on the determination of the main risk factors in patients with liver cirrhosis in Abel Gilbert Ponton Hospital, including its clinical manifestations, complications. The study is based on a retrospective descriptive analysis on patient characteristics and clinical behavior of liver cirrhosis. This sample comprised a universal 1oo patients included. To obtain information, medical records of patients were reviewed at the Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton, 2014-2015. information on each of the medical records were collected to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics, etiology, clinical stage, complications. Liver cirrhosis is a chronic disease that does not distinguish sex and occurs at early ages of life. Alcoholic etiology is prevalent in these patients; and especially in the male group chronically consume alcohol. Patients have advanced and presence of complications from the disease stages. In this group, the main cause of death was bleeding esophageal varices. 100 people who were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis for 1 year are included in the analysis included; 61 were male (61%), and 39 were women (39%). The average age was between 20 to 60 years for male and female. The main risk factors presented by patients were chronic alcohol consumption (67%), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (22%), hepatitis B and C (7% y4%) respectively. The main etiologies were alcoholic (67%), hepatitis B (7%) and less frequently hepatitis C (4%). It showed that 100% (67 patients) of patients whose cirrhosis was diagnosed as alcoholic etiology had chronic alcohol consumption. The most frequent complications were ascites in 119 patients (75.8%) and esophageal varices in 77 patients (49%).
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Cirrosis hepática, Factores de riesgo, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos