CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LOS FACTORES DE RIESGO FAMILIARES Y SU INFLUENCIA EN EL CONSUMO DE DROGAS EN ADOLESCENTES DE 11 A 16 AÑOS DE LA ESCUELA DE EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA FISCAL ENRIQUE GIL CALDERÓN
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2017-07
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Universidad de Guayaquil Facultad de Ciencias Psicológicas
Resumen
Las prácticas pre profesionales se realizaron en la escuela de Educación Básica Fiscal Enrique Gil Calderón, desde el 26 de julio del 2016 hasta el 2 de diciembre del 2016. Esta experiencia permitió desarrollar una propuesta de sistematización en donde se planteó como objetivo “Caracterizar los factores de riesgo familiares que influyen en adolescentes de 11 a 16 años consumidores de drogas de la Escuela de Educación Básica Fiscal Enrique Gil Calderón en el año 2016”.
Se utilizó un diseño investigativo cualitativo de alcance descriptivo transversal, los métodos aplicados fueron observación, inductivo – deductivo y bibliográfico. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron ficha de observación, guía de entrevista semiestructurada y fichas acumulativas del DECE.
Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo fueron la identificación de los factores de riesgo en los adolescentes consumidores de drogas de la escuela, la descripción de los factores de riesgo familiares, y el análisis de los factores de riesgos familiares que influyen en el consumo de estas sustancias entre los que se pudo destacar a la situación socio económica de sus hogares, familias en su mayoría reestructuradas y/o disfuncionales, adultos con largas jornadas laborales lo que provoca que los adolescentes pasen solos gran parte del día sin control alguno, comunicación no asertiva entre los miembros de la familia, la falta de compromiso por parte de los representantes o padres de los estudiantes, el poco respeto de roles y límites en el hogar, la presencia de actos de violencia y la no elaboración de un proyecto de vida
Pre-professional internships were held at the Enrique Gil Calderón Basic Education School, from July 26, 2016 to December 2, 2016. This experience allowed the development of a systematization proposal where the objective was "Characterize the factors of family risk that influence adolescents from 11 to 16 years of age who are drug users of the School of Basic Education Fiscal Enrique Gil Calderón in 2016. " We used a qualitative research design of transversal descriptive scope, the applied methods were observation, inductive - deductive and bibliographic. The instruments used were observation card, semi-structured interview guide and cumulative files of the DECE. The results obtained in this work were the identification of risk factors in adolescents who use drugs at school, the description of family risk factors, and the analysis of family risk factors that influence the consumption of these substances. Among those who could highlight the socio-economic situation of their homes, mostly restructured and / or dysfunctional families, adults with long working hours which causes adolescents to spend alone a large part of the day without any control, non-assertive communication between the family members, the lack of commitment on the part of the representatives or parents of the students, the low respect of roles and limits in the home, the presence of acts of violence and the non-elaboration of a life project
Pre-professional internships were held at the Enrique Gil Calderón Basic Education School, from July 26, 2016 to December 2, 2016. This experience allowed the development of a systematization proposal where the objective was "Characterize the factors of family risk that influence adolescents from 11 to 16 years of age who are drug users of the School of Basic Education Fiscal Enrique Gil Calderón in 2016. " We used a qualitative research design of transversal descriptive scope, the applied methods were observation, inductive - deductive and bibliographic. The instruments used were observation card, semi-structured interview guide and cumulative files of the DECE. The results obtained in this work were the identification of risk factors in adolescents who use drugs at school, the description of family risk factors, and the analysis of family risk factors that influence the consumption of these substances. Among those who could highlight the socio-economic situation of their homes, mostly restructured and / or dysfunctional families, adults with long working hours which causes adolescents to spend alone a large part of the day without any control, non-assertive communication between the family members, the lack of commitment on the part of the representatives or parents of the students, the low respect of roles and limits in the home, the presence of acts of violence and the non-elaboration of a life project
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Adolescente, Factores de riesgo, Familia, Drogas