Evaluación de la composición mineral de la especie ecuatoriana de Prosopis juliflora de diferente origen geográfico
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
El algarrobo constituye una de las especies vegetales ecuatorianas considerada como ancestral, particularmente para las comunidades del sur de Ecuador, siendo utilizado tanto para el forraje en animales de campo, como abono en la agricultura, o para preparados a base de jarabe de algarrobo, al que se le atribuyen actividades farmacológicas y nutracéuticas.
El presente proyecto persigue la evaluación de la composición mineral que caracteriza a la especie de algarrobo, Prosopis juliflora. En tal sentido, durante el proceso de investigación se desarrolló un método analítico mediante la aplicación de la técnica de espectroscopia por plasma de acoplamiento inductivo (ICP-OES) para la determinación de los elementos propios de la especie estudiada.
La selección de las condiciones óptimas de la preparación de la muestra se realizó por digestión ácida asistida con microondas, a partir de la evaluación de las variables: cantidad y tipo de muestra, composición de la mezcla ácida de digestión, y tiempo de digestión. El método permitió principalmente, la determinación de calcio, potasio, fósforo, sodio, hierro, magnesio y zinc con resultados satisfactorios inferiores al 15% de coeficiente de variación, en los ensayos de optimización.
Muestras de corteza, hojas y vainas de algarrobo fueron analizadas considerando 3 orígenes de las muestras en el perfil costero ecuatoriano y en diferentes épocas del año. Los resultados en muestras reales evidenciaron una mayor concentración para calcio y potasio en corteza (1709 y 1697 mg/100g muestra, respectivamente), potasio en hojas (1877 mg/100 g muestra), y calcio en vainas (2043 mg/100 g muestra), entre otros.
En una primera etapa del estudio se realizó el análisis farmacognóstico de la especie colectada en las provincias de Santa Elena, Guayas y El Oro. Los resultados obtenidos de cenizas, humedad, y sustancias solubles han permitido levantar una línea de base sobre la información de características físico-químicas considerando los tres órganos de la planta estudiados, en relación a su procedencia, existiendo una correspondencia de los datos con algunos reportados para otras especies de este mismo género Prosopis
The carob tree is one of the Ecuadorian plant species considered ancestral, particularly for the communities of southern Ecuador, being used both for forage in field animals, as fertilizer in agriculture, or for preparations based on carob syrup, that are attributed pharmacological and nutraceutical activities. The following project pursues the evaluation of the mineral composition that characterizes the species of carob tree, Prosopis juliflora. In this sense, during the research process an analytical method was developed by applying the inductive coupling plasma spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technique for the determination of the elements of the species studied. The selection of the optimal conditions of the sample preparation was made by acid digestion assisted with microwaves, from the evaluation of the variables: amount and type of sample, composition of the acid digestion mixture, and time of digestion. The method mainly allowed the determination of calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, magnesium and zinc with satisfactory results lower than 15% coefficient of variation in the optimization tests. Samples of bark, leaves and pods of carob tree were analyzed considering three origins of the samples in the Ecuadorian coastal profile and at different times of the year. The results in real samples showed a higher concentration for calcium and potassium in the bark (1709 and 1697 mg / 100g sample, respectively), potassium in leaves (1877 mg / 100 g sample), and calcium in pods (2043 mg / 100 g sample), among others. In a first stage of the study, the pharmacognostic analysis of the species collected in the provinces of Santa Elena, Guayas and El Oro was carried out. The results obtained from ash, moisture, and soluble substances have allowed to establish a baseline on the information of characteristics physical-chemical considering the three organs of the plant studied, in relation to their origin, there being information of the data with some reported data for other species of this same genre Prosopis
The carob tree is one of the Ecuadorian plant species considered ancestral, particularly for the communities of southern Ecuador, being used both for forage in field animals, as fertilizer in agriculture, or for preparations based on carob syrup, that are attributed pharmacological and nutraceutical activities. The following project pursues the evaluation of the mineral composition that characterizes the species of carob tree, Prosopis juliflora. In this sense, during the research process an analytical method was developed by applying the inductive coupling plasma spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technique for the determination of the elements of the species studied. The selection of the optimal conditions of the sample preparation was made by acid digestion assisted with microwaves, from the evaluation of the variables: amount and type of sample, composition of the acid digestion mixture, and time of digestion. The method mainly allowed the determination of calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, magnesium and zinc with satisfactory results lower than 15% coefficient of variation in the optimization tests. Samples of bark, leaves and pods of carob tree were analyzed considering three origins of the samples in the Ecuadorian coastal profile and at different times of the year. The results in real samples showed a higher concentration for calcium and potassium in the bark (1709 and 1697 mg / 100g sample, respectively), potassium in leaves (1877 mg / 100 g sample), and calcium in pods (2043 mg / 100 g sample), among others. In a first stage of the study, the pharmacognostic analysis of the species collected in the provinces of Santa Elena, Guayas and El Oro was carried out. The results obtained from ash, moisture, and soluble substances have allowed to establish a baseline on the information of characteristics physical-chemical considering the three organs of the plant studied, in relation to their origin, there being information of the data with some reported data for other species of this same genre Prosopis
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PROSOPIS, DIGESTIÓN ÁCIDA, ESPECTROSCOPIA POR PLASMA DE ACOPLAMIENTO INDUCTIVO (ICP-OES), VAINA, ALGARROBO