Indice de riesgo nutricional en pacientes pediátricos sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular del Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante período 2015, diseño de plan de intervención nutricional
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Las cardiopatías congénitas son las malformaciones más frecuentes con una incidencia del 0,5
y el 1% de todos los recién nacidos vivos. Las malformaciones cardiacas leves generalmente
tienen un crecimiento y desarrollo normal; las enfermedades cardiacas congénitas moderadas
a graves tienen un alto riesgo de alteración nutricional y afecta al crecimiento y desarrollo. En
el presente trabajo se analiza el estado nutricional en pacientes cardiópatas sometidos a
Cirugía Cardiovascular y su asociación con las complicaciones derivadas del procedimiento.
El objetivo del estudio es determinar el Índice de riesgo nutricional de los niños con
Cardiopatía Congénita sometidos a intervención quirúrgica en el Servicio de Cardiología del
Hospital Francisco Icaza en el período de Enero a Diciembre del 2015. La Metodología
empleada es de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, el método es la observación
indirecta, de corte transversal, descriptivo y analítico. Los resultados hallados fueron el Índice
de Riesgo nutricional de los pacientes sujetos de estudio fue bajo de un 57,14% en relación
con las cardiopatías Acianoticas con un 65,63% más frecuentes del Tipo: Comunicación
Interventricular, Comunicación Intrauricular, Estenosis Pulmonar, Doble Cámara Ventricular,
Canal Aurículoventricular, Ductus Arterioso Persistente y Derrame Pericárdico encontrándose
que el 100% de los pacientes pediátricos sometidos a cirugía han presentado una evolución
post quirúrgica completamente favorable sin complicaciones con un índice riesgo nutricional
bajo de 7 días de hospitalización, se concluye que el índice de riesgo nutricional en estos
pacientes es bajo y no se relacionan con complicaciones postquirúrgicas.
Congenital heart defects are the most frequent malformations with an incidence of 0.5% and 1% of all live births. Mild cardiac malformations usually have normal growth and development; Moderate to severe congenital heart disease have a high risk of nutritional disturbance and affect growth and development. In the present work we analyze the nutritional status in cardiac patients undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery and its association with complications derived from the procedure. The objective of the study is to determine the nutritional risk index of children with congenital heart disease undergoing surgery at the Cardiology Service of the Hospital Francisco Icaza from January to December 2015. The methodology used is a quantitative approach, Experimental; the method is indirect observation, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical. The results found were the Nutritional Risk Index of patients under study was low of 57.14% in relation to the Acianoticas heart disease with 65.63% more frequent of the Type: Interventricular Communication, Interauricular Communication, Pulmonary Stenosis, Double Ventricular Chamber , Atrial Ductus Canal, Persistent Arteriosus Ductus and Pericardial Effusion, found that 100% of the pediatric patients undergoing surgery had a completely favorable post-surgical evolution without complications with a low nutritional risk index of 7 days of hospitalization, it was concluded that the nutritional risk index In these patients is low and are not related to postoperative complications.
Congenital heart defects are the most frequent malformations with an incidence of 0.5% and 1% of all live births. Mild cardiac malformations usually have normal growth and development; Moderate to severe congenital heart disease have a high risk of nutritional disturbance and affect growth and development. In the present work we analyze the nutritional status in cardiac patients undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery and its association with complications derived from the procedure. The objective of the study is to determine the nutritional risk index of children with congenital heart disease undergoing surgery at the Cardiology Service of the Hospital Francisco Icaza from January to December 2015. The methodology used is a quantitative approach, Experimental; the method is indirect observation, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical. The results found were the Nutritional Risk Index of patients under study was low of 57.14% in relation to the Acianoticas heart disease with 65.63% more frequent of the Type: Interventricular Communication, Interauricular Communication, Pulmonary Stenosis, Double Ventricular Chamber , Atrial Ductus Canal, Persistent Arteriosus Ductus and Pericardial Effusion, found that 100% of the pediatric patients undergoing surgery had a completely favorable post-surgical evolution without complications with a low nutritional risk index of 7 days of hospitalization, it was concluded that the nutritional risk index In these patients is low and are not related to postoperative complications.
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Cirugía cardiovascular, Cirugía pediátrica, Riesgo nutricional, Cardiopatías, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador