Enfermedades neurológicas en pacientes con síndrome inmunodeficiencia adquirida : manifestaciones clínicas y complicaciones, estudio a realizar en el Hospital de Infectología Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña período 2015
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, es un retrovirus, perteneciente a la familia Lentoviridae, debido a su extenso periodo de latencia que ocurre entre la infección primaria y el daño que ocurre en el sistema inmunológico. Existen alrededor 40 millones de infectados por HIV/SIDA en el mundo. La incidencia de 5 millones al año, causando mas de 3 millones de muertes anuales, siendo la principal causa de muerte, el origen infeccioso.
Se estima que un tercio de los pacientes con VIH, que se encuentran en fase SIDA y presentan algún tipo de síntoma o signo neurológico, ya sea este central o periférico.
La investigación evidencia las manifestaciones clínicas que se presentan con mayor frecuencia en pacientes en etapa SIDA, además se da conocimiento de los diagnósticos más frecuentes en ellos así mismo las complicaciones frecuentes, tras la enfermedad neurológica.
La metodología se basó en un estudio tipo no experimental, transversal y observacional, debido a que se ha tomado las historias clínicas de los pacientes ingresados en la unidad hospitalaria.
El estudio se realizó con el universo de 100 pacientes, los cuales se dividieron en 75 varones y 25 mujeres. Los datos recolectados fueron divididos en: a) Datos demográficos, b) Síntomas clínicos que sugieran afectación neurológica, c) Los Diagnósticos mas relevantes, d) Existencia de complicaciones neurológicas. Entre las conclusiones, se observa que:
El mayor porcentaje de pacientes con afectación neurológica son los varones, asi mismo el alto índice se debe al abandono o mala adherencia del paciente al tratamiento antirretroviral. Las manifestaciones neurológicas son secundarias a enfermedades oportunistas, con mayor predomino las de origen infeccioso.
A través de la investigación se podrán identificar los factores de riesgo y determinar su asociación con las complicaciones presentadas, será posible contribuir con información confiable para el diseño de estrategias de prevención
The human immunodeficiency virus, is a retrovirus belonging to the family Lentoviridae due to its extensive latency period that occurs between primary infection and the damage that occurs in the immune system. There are about 40 million infected with HIV / AIDS worldwide. The incidence of 5 million a year, causing more than 3 million deaths annually, remains the leading cause of death, the infectious origin. It is estimated that one third of patients with HIV who are undergoing AIDS and have some type of neurological symptom or sign, either the central or peripheral. Research evidence clinical manifestations that occur more frequently in patients with stage AIDS, and given knowledge of the most common diagnoses in them likewise frequent complications after neurological disease. The methodology was based on a non-experimental, cross-sectional observational study, because it has taken the medical records of patients admitted to the hospital unit. The study was conducted with the universe of 100 patients, who were divided into 75 men and 25 women. The data collected were divided into: a) Demographics, b) clinical symptoms suggestive of neurological involvement, c) the most relevant diagnoses, d) Existence of neurological complications. Among the findings, it appears that: 1. The highest percentage of patients with neurological involvement are men, likewise the high rate is due to neglect or poor patient adherence to antiretroviral treatment. 2. The neurological manifestations are secondary to opportunistic diseases, the most predominant of infectious origin. 3. Through research may identify risk factors and determine their association with those presented complications, it is possible to contribute to the design of reliable prevention strategies information
The human immunodeficiency virus, is a retrovirus belonging to the family Lentoviridae due to its extensive latency period that occurs between primary infection and the damage that occurs in the immune system. There are about 40 million infected with HIV / AIDS worldwide. The incidence of 5 million a year, causing more than 3 million deaths annually, remains the leading cause of death, the infectious origin. It is estimated that one third of patients with HIV who are undergoing AIDS and have some type of neurological symptom or sign, either the central or peripheral. Research evidence clinical manifestations that occur more frequently in patients with stage AIDS, and given knowledge of the most common diagnoses in them likewise frequent complications after neurological disease. The methodology was based on a non-experimental, cross-sectional observational study, because it has taken the medical records of patients admitted to the hospital unit. The study was conducted with the universe of 100 patients, who were divided into 75 men and 25 women. The data collected were divided into: a) Demographics, b) clinical symptoms suggestive of neurological involvement, c) the most relevant diagnoses, d) Existence of neurological complications. Among the findings, it appears that: 1. The highest percentage of patients with neurological involvement are men, likewise the high rate is due to neglect or poor patient adherence to antiretroviral treatment. 2. The neurological manifestations are secondary to opportunistic diseases, the most predominant of infectious origin. 3. Through research may identify risk factors and determine their association with those presented complications, it is possible to contribute to the design of reliable prevention strategies information
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Enfermedades del sistema nervioso, Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, Hospital de Infectología Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Signos y síntomas