Factores sociales que inciden en crisis asmáticas de niños entre uno a cinco años, diseño de un programa educativo de terapia respiratoria dirigido a padres
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
El asma es una patología de gran prevalencia a nivel mundial por lo cual este trabajo tiene como principal objetivo proporcionar el conocimiento básico necesario sobre los factores sociales que inciden en la presencia de crisis asmáticas, padecimiento que perturba a niños menores de cinco años, es importante realizar la identificación de factores sociales agravantes en el medio como la falta de conocimiento, tabaquismo pasivo, estrés emocional e inadecuado tratamiento de control o intercrisis, encargados de desatar crisis asmáticas con mayor frecuencia. Mediante un estudio transversal de tipo observacional, descriptivo y no experimental, se empleó encuestas directas a los padres en las que se evidenció en gran porcentaje un bajo nivel de conocimiento que se posee acerca de la enfermedad. Por consecuencia, se brinda como propuesta un programa educativo de terapia respiratoria, que se destaca por ser actualizado, de fácil comprensión y didáctico, pretendiendo ser impartido por el terapeuta respiratorio a los familiares con la finalidad de ofrecer una mejoría en la calidad de vida del niño y su entorno.
Palabras Claves: Asma Bronquial, Factores Sociales, Crisis Asmáticas, Terapia Respiratoria, Programa Educativo.
Asthma is a pathology of great prevalence worldwide, which is why this work has as main objective to provide the necessary basic knowledge about the social factors that influence the presence of asthma attacks, a condition that disturbs children under five years old. perform the identification of aggravating social factors in the environment such as lack of knowledge, passive smoking, emotional stress and inadequate control or inter-crisis treatment, responsible for triggering asthma attacks more frequently. Through a cross-sectional study of observational, descriptive and non-experimental type, direct surveys of parents were used in which a low percentage of knowledge about the disease was evidenced. Consequently, an educational program of respiratory therapy is offered as a proposal, which stands out for being up-to-date, easy to understand and didactic, pretending to be taught by the respiratory therapist to family members in order to offer an improvement in the quality of life of the patient. child and his environment.
Asthma is a pathology of great prevalence worldwide, which is why this work has as main objective to provide the necessary basic knowledge about the social factors that influence the presence of asthma attacks, a condition that disturbs children under five years old. perform the identification of aggravating social factors in the environment such as lack of knowledge, passive smoking, emotional stress and inadequate control or inter-crisis treatment, responsible for triggering asthma attacks more frequently. Through a cross-sectional study of observational, descriptive and non-experimental type, direct surveys of parents were used in which a low percentage of knowledge about the disease was evidenced. Consequently, an educational program of respiratory therapy is offered as a proposal, which stands out for being up-to-date, easy to understand and didactic, pretending to be taught by the respiratory therapist to family members in order to offer an improvement in the quality of life of the patient. child and his environment.
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Asma, Terapia respiratoria, Sociología médica, Programas educativos, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Pediatría, Promoción de salud, Padres de familia