Ventilación mecánica no invasiva en pacientes adultos con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda tipo 1 en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur
Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
La ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI) es el método de soporte ventilatorio de primera línea utilizado en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA), que permite disminuir el trabajo respiratorio de los pacientes, corrigiendo la hipoxemia, evitando la intubación endotraqueal y los riesgos asociados a esta técnica. El objetivo de esta investigación demostrar el impacto de la VMNI en pacientes adultos con IRA tipo 1, atendidos en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur. La muestra conformada por 52 pacientes entre 35 a 65 años que requirieron esta técnica. Los resultados demostraron efectividad en el 62% de los pacientes y el 38% restante fracasaron. Al comparar la eficacia de la VMNI con la patología del paciente, se concluyó: en IRA no especificada la implementación fue exitosa con 15 casos y 4 fracasos; en Edema Agudo del Pulmón 11 pacientes tuvieron éxito y 5 fracasaron; en neumonía, 5 casos exitosos y 7 fracasos. Por último, el Distres Respiratorio no tiene buenos resultados, fracasando 4 de los 5 pacientes. Se recomendó la Guía como medio informativo para mejorar la asistencia hospitalaria a los pacientes con IRA que ameritan la VMNI debido que en el hospital no cuentan con dicho recurso.
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) is the first-line ventilatory support method used in the treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF), which reduces the respiratory work of patients, correcting hypoxemia, avoiding endotracheal intubation and risks associated with this technique. The objective of this research was to demonstrate the impact of NIMV in adult patients with type 1 ARI, treated at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital. The sample consisted of 52 patients between 35 to 65 years old who required this technique. The results showed effectiveness in 62% of the patients and the remaining 38% failed. When comparing the efficacy of NIMV with the pathology of the patient, it was concluded: in non-specified IRA the implementation was successful with 15 cases and 4 failures; in Acute Lung Edema 11 patients were successful and 5 failed; in pneumonia, 5 successful cases and 7 failures. Finally, the Respiratory Distres does not have good results, failing 4 of the 5 patients. The Guide was recommended as an informative means to improve hospital care for patients with ARI who merit NIMV because they do not have such resources in the hospital.
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) is the first-line ventilatory support method used in the treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF), which reduces the respiratory work of patients, correcting hypoxemia, avoiding endotracheal intubation and risks associated with this technique. The objective of this research was to demonstrate the impact of NIMV in adult patients with type 1 ARI, treated at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital. The sample consisted of 52 patients between 35 to 65 years old who required this technique. The results showed effectiveness in 62% of the patients and the remaining 38% failed. When comparing the efficacy of NIMV with the pathology of the patient, it was concluded: in non-specified IRA the implementation was successful with 15 cases and 4 failures; in Acute Lung Edema 11 patients were successful and 5 failed; in pneumonia, 5 successful cases and 7 failures. Finally, the Respiratory Distres does not have good results, failing 4 of the 5 patients. The Guide was recommended as an informative means to improve hospital care for patients with ARI who merit NIMV because they do not have such resources in the hospital.
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Respiración artificial, Insuficiencia respiratoria, Hospital General Guasmo Sur, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Adulto