Factores de riesgo de neumonía en niños de 1- 5 años de edad, en el Hospital Francisco de Icaza Bustamante
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2018
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La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad según la Organización Mundial de la Salud es una enfermedad infecciosa, que puede ser causada por virus, bacterias, hongos o de causa mixta, afecta el parénquima pulmonar y es adquirida fuera del ambiente hospitalario. Afecta principalmente a la población infantil menor de 5 años debido a su vulnerabilidad y la existencia de factores de riesgo que pueden ser modificables y no modificables. En el Hospital Francisco Icaza, el año 2017, fueron hospitalizados 402 pacientes con diagnóstico de ingreso de neumonía, se realizó un estudio cuyo objetivo fue determinar la influencia de factores de riesgo en el desarrollo de neumonía en niños de 1-4 años, la metodología empleada fue de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, retrospectivo, observacional y correlacional con comprobación de hipótesis. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el 46,5% fueron de sexo femenino, y 53,5% de sexo masculino, el grupo etario más afectado fue entre 23 y 59 meses con un porcentaje de 59%, con una media fue de 26 meses. Los pacientes con bajo peso fueron los más afectados (50%). La mortalidad fue de 3,5%. El factor de riesgo más frecuente fue la comorbilidad. La prueba del chi cuadrado demostró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre complicaciones y comorbilidades y entre mortalidad y comorbilidades.
Community acquired pneumonia according to the World Health Organization is an infectious disease, which can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi or mixed causes, affects the lung parenchyma and is acquired outside the hospital environment. It mainly affects children under 5 years of age due to their vulnerability and the existence of risk factors that can be modifiable and not modifiable. In the Francisco Icaza Hospital, in 2017, 402 patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia were hospitalized. A study was carried out to determine the influence of risk factors on the development of pneumonia in children aged 1-4 years, the methodology employed was a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional, retrospective, observational and correlational with hypothesis testing. The results obtained showed that 46.5% were female, and 53.5% male, the most affected age group was between 23 and 59 months with a percentage of 59%, with a mean of 26 months. Patients with low weight were the most affected (50%). The mortality was 3.5%. The most frequent risk factor was comorbidity. The Chi-square test showed a statistically significant association between complications and comorbidities and between mortality and comorbidities. Key words: pneumonia acquired in the community, childhood, risk factors
Community acquired pneumonia according to the World Health Organization is an infectious disease, which can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi or mixed causes, affects the lung parenchyma and is acquired outside the hospital environment. It mainly affects children under 5 years of age due to their vulnerability and the existence of risk factors that can be modifiable and not modifiable. In the Francisco Icaza Hospital, in 2017, 402 patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia were hospitalized. A study was carried out to determine the influence of risk factors on the development of pneumonia in children aged 1-4 years, the methodology employed was a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional, retrospective, observational and correlational with hypothesis testing. The results obtained showed that 46.5% were female, and 53.5% male, the most affected age group was between 23 and 59 months with a percentage of 59%, with a mean of 26 months. Patients with low weight were the most affected (50%). The mortality was 3.5%. The most frequent risk factor was comorbidity. The Chi-square test showed a statistically significant association between complications and comorbidities and between mortality and comorbidities. Key words: pneumonia acquired in the community, childhood, risk factors
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NEUMONIA, PEDIATRIA, FACTORES DE RIESGO, ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS, HOSPITAL DEL NIÑO FRANCISCO DE ICAZA BUSTAMANTE, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR