Complicaciones durante el embarazo en pacientes con hipertensión arterial en la Maternidad Mariana de Jesús
Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: En la actualidad, no se ha podido definir con exactitud la causa mediante el cual se desarrolla este cuadro de hipertensión. Sin embargo, se ha determinado la asociación directa de diferentes factores o circunstancias, que representan tanto como alteraciones que vuelven susceptibles a la paciente, así como alteraciones que desencadenan el cuadro clínico de la enfermedad, llegando incluso a producir sufrimiento fetal intrauterino.
Metodología: Consiste en un trabajo de investigación de corte transversal, con análisis de tipo descriptivo, no experimental y desarrollado de enfoque retrospectivo, en la cual se utilizó como fuente de información, una Base de Datos compuesta por pacientes hijos de madres ingresadas bajo el código de diagnóstico CIE-10 010, correspondiente a Hipertensión Gestacional, la cual fue, previa aprobación del área de Docencia, otorgada por el Departamento de Estadísticas del Hospital Materno Infantil Mariana de Jesús de la ciudad de Guayaquil.
Resultados: Se realizó un análisis enfocado hacia la mortalidad de las pacientes en el período de estudio, donde se determinó una mortalidad relativamente baja, de un 15,50% de los casos, representado por 31 pacientes que integraron el período de estudio, mientras que, las 169 pacientes restantes, egresaron en condiciones de vida, consistiendo en el 84,50% de la muestra del período de estudio. Puesto que se encontró una prevalencia de una muerte cada 7 casos de hipertensión gestacional, se determina la asociación entre el desarrollo de esta patología y el incremento considerable en el riesgo de mortalidad. (p<0,005)
Conclusiones: Se concluye que las complicaciones mayormente asociadas son el desarrollo de eclampsia y, en menor frecuencia, el desarrollo de Síndrome de HELLP, cuyo riesgo se ve incrementado en el segundo trimestre del período de gestación
Introduction: At present, it has not been possible to define exactly the cause by which this hypertension picture develops. However, it has been determined the direct association of different factors or circumstances, which represent both alterations that make the patient susceptible, as well as alterations that trigger the clinical picture of the disease, even leading to intrauterine fetal distress. Methodology: Consists of a cross-sectional research work, with descriptive, non-experimental analysis and a retrospective approach developed, in which a database was used as a source of information, composed of patients born to mothers admitted under the code. of diagnosis ICD-10 010, corresponding to Gestational Hypertension, which was, after approval of the area of Teaching, granted by the Department of Statistics of the Maternal-Infant Hospital Mariana de Jesus of the city of Guayaquil. Results: An analysis focused on the mortality of the patients in the study period, where a relatively low mortality was determined, of 15.50% of the cases, represented by 31 patients who integrated the period of study, while, the remaining 169 patients, graduated in living conditions, consisting of 84.50% of the sample of the study period. Since a prevalence of one death was found every 7 cases of gestational hypertension, the association between the development of this pathology and the considerable increase in mortality risk is determined. (p <0.005) Conclusions: We conclude that the most commonly associated complications are the development of eclampsia and, less frequently, the development of HELLP syndrome, whose risk is increased in the second trimester of the gestation period.
Introduction: At present, it has not been possible to define exactly the cause by which this hypertension picture develops. However, it has been determined the direct association of different factors or circumstances, which represent both alterations that make the patient susceptible, as well as alterations that trigger the clinical picture of the disease, even leading to intrauterine fetal distress. Methodology: Consists of a cross-sectional research work, with descriptive, non-experimental analysis and a retrospective approach developed, in which a database was used as a source of information, composed of patients born to mothers admitted under the code. of diagnosis ICD-10 010, corresponding to Gestational Hypertension, which was, after approval of the area of Teaching, granted by the Department of Statistics of the Maternal-Infant Hospital Mariana de Jesus of the city of Guayaquil. Results: An analysis focused on the mortality of the patients in the study period, where a relatively low mortality was determined, of 15.50% of the cases, represented by 31 patients who integrated the period of study, while, the remaining 169 patients, graduated in living conditions, consisting of 84.50% of the sample of the study period. Since a prevalence of one death was found every 7 cases of gestational hypertension, the association between the development of this pathology and the considerable increase in mortality risk is determined. (p <0.005) Conclusions: We conclude that the most commonly associated complications are the development of eclampsia and, less frequently, the development of HELLP syndrome, whose risk is increased in the second trimester of the gestation period.
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Complicaciones del embarazo, Hipertensión inducida en el embarazo, Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Prevalencia