Valor pronóstico de la escala de Glasgow en pacientes adultos con trauma craneoencefálico estudio a realizar en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón durante el período de enero 2016 - diciembre 2016
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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Al trauma craneoencefálico se lo define como la alteración en la función neurológica, en el nivel de conciencia u otra evidencia de patología cerebral provocado por un traumatismo que ocasione un daño físico en el encéfalo. Para tratar los pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico, no debe faltar la escala de coma de Glasgow, sin la cual la valoración seria incompleta y decaería el valor pronóstico. Es una investigación no experimental de tipo descriptivo, con enfoque retrospectivo, para la cual se utilizó muestra de 200 pacientes bajo el diagnóstico CIE-10 S06, correspondiente a Trauma Craneoencefálico brindada por el Departamento de estadísticas del Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón, atendidos en el periodo comprendido entre enero 2016 y diciembre 2016. Se evidenció un mayor porcentaje de casos (69%) correspondiente a casos de pacientes de sexo masculino, así como una prevalencia elevada (43,50%) en casos de pacientes de edades entre 20 y 29 años, encontrándose asociación entre estas dos variables y el riesgo elevado de desarrollar cuadros de Trauma Craneoencefálico (p<0,005). El grado de severidad más frecuente fue el de tipo leve según Escala de Glasgow con 47% de los casos. Se encontró que la respuesta verbal es la más frecuentemente alterada, en 59% de los casos y una mortalidad baja, correspondiente a un 13% de los casos. (p<0,001). Se llegó a la conclusión que tanto el sexo masculino, la edad entre 20 y 29 años aumentan el riesgo de desarrollar esta patología.
Cranial trauma is considered as the group of neurological defects, in cognitive functions or other levels that refer to a brain injury, caused by a physical impact that harms the brain and near structures. Is vital, in order to provide a good assessment to these patients, is needed to apply Glasgow Coma Scale, whose evaluation allows to establish severity index and prognosis of the patients. It consists in a non-experimental, descriptive and retrospective study in which a group of patients, with CIE-10 Diagnosis Code for Cranial Trauma was used, and provided by Statistics Department of Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton. All these patients were attended between January 2016 and December 2016. A higher number of cases were of male patients, with 69% of them, while in terms of age, the range of 20 to 29 years had more number of cases, with 43,50%, which allow to establish a direct relation between these two epidemiological conditions and the risk of developing cranial trauma. According to Glasgow Coma Scale evaluation, low severity was the most frequent in 47% of the cases, having as most altered category verbal response, in 59% of the total group. It was concluded that male sex and ages between 20 to 29 are more associated with cranial trauma cases.
Cranial trauma is considered as the group of neurological defects, in cognitive functions or other levels that refer to a brain injury, caused by a physical impact that harms the brain and near structures. Is vital, in order to provide a good assessment to these patients, is needed to apply Glasgow Coma Scale, whose evaluation allows to establish severity index and prognosis of the patients. It consists in a non-experimental, descriptive and retrospective study in which a group of patients, with CIE-10 Diagnosis Code for Cranial Trauma was used, and provided by Statistics Department of Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton. All these patients were attended between January 2016 and December 2016. A higher number of cases were of male patients, with 69% of them, while in terms of age, the range of 20 to 29 years had more number of cases, with 43,50%, which allow to establish a direct relation between these two epidemiological conditions and the risk of developing cranial trauma. According to Glasgow Coma Scale evaluation, low severity was the most frequent in 47% of the cases, having as most altered category verbal response, in 59% of the total group. It was concluded that male sex and ages between 20 to 29 are more associated with cranial trauma cases.
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TRAUMATISMO CRANEOCEREBRALES, MORTALIDAD, ESCALA GLASGOW, PRONOSTICO, HOSPITAL DE ESPECIALIDADES GUAYAQUIL DR. ABEL GILBERT PONTON, CANTON GUAYQUIL, ECUADOR