Intoxicaciones más frecuentes y sus principales complicaciones en niños de 0 - 5 años
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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En el presente trabajo se establecerán las intoxicaciones más frecuentes presentadas en niños de 0 – 5 años atendidos en el centro de atención al paciente intoxicado C.I.A.T.O.X. – GUAYAQUIL durante el periodo 2016.
La intoxicación pediátrica constituye un pequeño porcentaje de las consultas, que en la mayoría de las ocasiones no se considera una urgencia vital ya que el contacto con una sustancia toxica ha sido en dosis no nocivas; en otros casos la exposición puede tener potencial severidad o incluso ser letal, por ello no debemos subestimar una posible intoxicación y debemos tener claro un esquema de actuación hospitalario.
Se pudo evidenciar que el mayor número de intoxicaciones se encontró en la edad comprendida entre 1 – 2 años con el 42.61% y el menor, en el grupo etario comprendido entre los niños de 5 años con el 13.48%; en relación con el sexo, predominó el sexo masculino con el 55.65% y hubo un 44.35% para el sexo femenino.
Se obtuvieron como resultados que las principales causas de intoxicación son los fármacos en un 44.78%, el otro grupo lo conforman los productos del hogar con un 27.39%. Entre los fármacos se evidencia un mayor número de casos por ACO (30%) y ácido fólico (23%).
Se determinó que son pocas las complicaciones asociadas a una intoxicación, representando tan solo el 13.91% de los casos, por esta razón la mortalidad es baja, representando el 1,30% de todos los casos registrados para el presente estudio.
In the present work, the most frequent intoxications presented in children aged 0-5 years treated at the poisoned patient care center C.I.A.T.O.X. - GUAYAQUIL during the 2016 period. Pediatric intoxication constitutes a small percentage of consultations, which in most cases is not considered a vital emergency since contact with a toxic substance has been in non-harmful doses; in other cases the exposure may have potential severity or even be lethal, so we should not underestimate a possible poisoning and we should have a clear outline of hospital action. It was possible to demonstrate that the greatest number of poisonings was found in the age between 1 - 2 years with 42.61% and the lowest, in the age group included among children of 5 years with 13.48%; in relation to sex, male sex predominated with 55.65% and there was 44.35% for female sex. Results showed that the main causes of intoxication are drugs in 44.78%, the other group is made up of household products with 27.39%. Among the drugs, a greater number of cases is evidenced by OAC (30%) and folic acid (23%). It was determined that there are few complications associated with intoxication, representing only 13.91% of cases, for this reason mortality it is low, accounting for 1.30% of all cases registered for the present study.
In the present work, the most frequent intoxications presented in children aged 0-5 years treated at the poisoned patient care center C.I.A.T.O.X. - GUAYAQUIL during the 2016 period. Pediatric intoxication constitutes a small percentage of consultations, which in most cases is not considered a vital emergency since contact with a toxic substance has been in non-harmful doses; in other cases the exposure may have potential severity or even be lethal, so we should not underestimate a possible poisoning and we should have a clear outline of hospital action. It was possible to demonstrate that the greatest number of poisonings was found in the age between 1 - 2 years with 42.61% and the lowest, in the age group included among children of 5 years with 13.48%; in relation to sex, male sex predominated with 55.65% and there was 44.35% for female sex. Results showed that the main causes of intoxication are drugs in 44.78%, the other group is made up of household products with 27.39%. Among the drugs, a greater number of cases is evidenced by OAC (30%) and folic acid (23%). It was determined that there are few complications associated with intoxication, representing only 13.91% of cases, for this reason mortality it is low, accounting for 1.30% of all cases registered for the present study.
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Intoxicaciones, Pediatría, Toxicología, Centro de Información y Asesoramiento Toxicológico (CIATOX), Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Complicaciones