Complicaciones en neonatos de madres diagnosticadas de Zika durante el embarazo, estudio a realizarse en el Distrito 09D01 Zonal 8 de Salud de la ciudad de Guayaquil; enero 2016 -enero 2017
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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Introducción: En la actualidad, una de las enfermedades que mayor impacto y problemas genera, a nivel del área de salud pública, es la infección causada por el virus del Zika, la cual se ha desarrollado de manera epidémica a nivel mundial, con énfasis en países latinoamericanos, y con múltiples complicaciones asociadas de moderada y grave severidad.
Metodología: Es una investigación no experimental de tipo descriptivo, con enfoque retrospectivo, para la cual se utilizó muestra de 82 pacientes bajo el diagnóstico CIE-10 U06.9, correspondiente a Infección por Zika brindada por el Departamento de estadísticas del Distrito 09D01 de la Zona 8, compuesta por gestantes y neonatos nacidos bajo este diagnóstico, en el periodo comprendido entre enero 2016 y enero 2017.
Resultados: Se evidenció un mayor porcentaje de casos (64,64%) correspondiente a casos de neonatos de sexo masculino, así como una distribución equitativa en cuanto a edad gestacional se refiere, entre parto a término y pretermino, encontrándose asociación entre el sexo masculino y el riesgo elevado de desarrollar complicaciones (p<0,005). La complicación más frecuente a observarse fue el desarrollo de malformaciones (15,43%), mientras que la cesárea fue el tipo de parto mayormente realizado (63%), por lo cual se encontró una asociación entre estas dos variables y la enfermedad por Zika de manera congénita (p<0,001)
Conclusiones: Se llegó a la conclusión que tanto el sexo masculino, el parto por cesárea y el desarrollo de malformaciones, así como de microcefalia, se encuentran íntimamente asociados a la infección por Zika durante el período de gestación y desarrollo de complicaciones en neonatos.
Introduction: Actually, one of the diseases with more impact and problems between public health, is infection caused by Zika virus, which consists in an epidemic disease worldwide, having emphasis in Latin American countries, with several complications, of moderate and severe gravity in newborns of mothers infected with it. Materials and Methods: It is a non-experimental, descriptive and retrospective investigation, in which a database formed by 82 patients, with CIE10 Code U06.9, that corresponds to Zika Virus Infection, provided by Statistics Department of District 09D01 of Zone 8, that was used to evolve pregnant patients with this disease and their newborns between period of investigation. Resultados: A higher prevalence of cases, corresponding to male sex (64,64%) was found, while, in terms of gestational age, an equal distribution among these patients was found. An association between male sex and development of these complications was established (p<0,005). The most frequent complication observed in this study was the development of birth defects (15,43%), while caesarean section was the most frequent way of birth (63%). An association between this two factors and the Zika infection was established (p<0,001) Conclusions: In conclusion, male sex, while caesarean operation as way of birth, and the development of birth defects, like low head perimeter, are strongly related to Zika virus infection in pregnant patients and in newborns with this story.
Introduction: Actually, one of the diseases with more impact and problems between public health, is infection caused by Zika virus, which consists in an epidemic disease worldwide, having emphasis in Latin American countries, with several complications, of moderate and severe gravity in newborns of mothers infected with it. Materials and Methods: It is a non-experimental, descriptive and retrospective investigation, in which a database formed by 82 patients, with CIE10 Code U06.9, that corresponds to Zika Virus Infection, provided by Statistics Department of District 09D01 of Zone 8, that was used to evolve pregnant patients with this disease and their newborns between period of investigation. Resultados: A higher prevalence of cases, corresponding to male sex (64,64%) was found, while, in terms of gestational age, an equal distribution among these patients was found. An association between male sex and development of these complications was established (p<0,005). The most frequent complication observed in this study was the development of birth defects (15,43%), while caesarean section was the most frequent way of birth (63%). An association between this two factors and the Zika infection was established (p<0,001) Conclusions: In conclusion, male sex, while caesarean operation as way of birth, and the development of birth defects, like low head perimeter, are strongly related to Zika virus infection in pregnant patients and in newborns with this story.
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VIRUS ZIKA, EMBARAZO, DISTRITO 09D01 ZONAL 8 DE SALUD, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR, COMPLICACIONES NEONATALES, MORTALIDAD, MICROCEFALIA, RECIEN NACIDO