Correlación entre los factores modificables y la muerte en neonatos a término
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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Introducción: La mortalidad infantil es un indicador del cuidado materno y neonatal. Según los últimos informes del IGME1, ha reducido en la dos últimas décadas pero se mantiene como principal portador la muerte de neonatos, sobre todo en países en desarrollo. Motivo por el cual el objetivo general es establecer los factores de riesgo modificables y su relación con la muerte en neonatos a término. Metodología: El estudio se realizó bajo una metodología no experimental, de corte transversal, con un enfoque mixto. La recolección de datos se obtuvo a partir historias clínicas neonatales, cuyos datos fueron tabulados en una base de datos de Excel y analizadas en el programa estadístico SPSS 23. Análisis y resultados: Los factores socio-demográficos que se presentaron con mayor prevalencia fueron el bajo nivel económico asociado con la instrucción secundaria (60%), que se relacionó con el número de mujeres que acudieron a menos de cinco controles del embarazo, principalmente entre los 18 y 34 años. Los factores maternos más comunes fueron la eclampsia (40%), edad entre 18-34 años (71%), período intergenésico (38%) entre 2-5 años e infecciones vulvovaginales (76,9%). Conclusión: Se determinó que durante el período estudiado se presentó una TMN de 5,2 fallecidos por cada 1000 nacidos vivos, siendo la principal causa de muerte las malformaciones cardiovasculares; el principal factor no modificable fue la edad materna entre los 18 y 34 años, y los modificables fueron los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo.
Introduction: Infant mortality is an indicator of maternal and neonatal care. According to the latest reports of the IGME1, it has been reduced in the last two decades but neonatal death remains the main carrier, especially in developing countries. This is the reason why the general objective of this paper is to establish the modifiable risk factors and their relation to death in term neonates. Methodology: The study was conducted under a non-experimental, crosssectional methodology, with a mixed approach. The data collection was obtained from neonatal clinical histories, whose data were tabulated in an Excel database and analyzed in the SPSS 23 statistical program. Analysis and results: The socio-demographic factors that were most prevalent were the low economic level associated with secondary education (60%), which was related to the number of women who attended less than five pregnancy controls, mainly among 18 and 34 years old. The most common maternal factors were eclampsia (40%), age between 18-34 years old (71%), intergenesic period (38%) between 2-5 years and vulvovaginal infections (76.9%). Conclusion: It was determined that during the studied period, there was a TMN of 5.2 deaths per 1000 live births, the main cause of death being cardiovascular malformations; The main non-modifiable factor was maternal age between 18 and 34 years old, and the modifiable ones were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Introduction: Infant mortality is an indicator of maternal and neonatal care. According to the latest reports of the IGME1, it has been reduced in the last two decades but neonatal death remains the main carrier, especially in developing countries. This is the reason why the general objective of this paper is to establish the modifiable risk factors and their relation to death in term neonates. Methodology: The study was conducted under a non-experimental, crosssectional methodology, with a mixed approach. The data collection was obtained from neonatal clinical histories, whose data were tabulated in an Excel database and analyzed in the SPSS 23 statistical program. Analysis and results: The socio-demographic factors that were most prevalent were the low economic level associated with secondary education (60%), which was related to the number of women who attended less than five pregnancy controls, mainly among 18 and 34 years old. The most common maternal factors were eclampsia (40%), age between 18-34 years old (71%), intergenesic period (38%) between 2-5 years and vulvovaginal infections (76.9%). Conclusion: It was determined that during the studied period, there was a TMN of 5.2 deaths per 1000 live births, the main cause of death being cardiovascular malformations; The main non-modifiable factor was maternal age between 18 and 34 years old, and the modifiable ones were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
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Recién nacido, Mortalidad infantil, Hipertension inducida en el embarazo, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador