Perfil epidemiológico y factores de riesgo de la hemorragia posparto del Hospital Martín Icaza
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el perfil epidemiológico y factores de riesgo de la hemorragia postparto en pacientes del Hospital Provincial Martín Icaza de Babahoyo en el año 2016. Se trató de un estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y transversal que incluyó a 52 mujeres. Se empleó el programa SPSS 21 para el análisis estadístico. Dentro de los resultados se encontró mayor frecuencia de pacientes de 16-19 años (48%), de zonas urbano-marginales (40%) y rurales (35%), con escolaridad incompleta (Primaria: 54%; secundaria: 33%), el 17% (9) fueron gestantes > 40 años. La principal etiología implicada en la hemorragia postparto fue la atonía uterina con el 67% (35), seguida por los traumatismos del canal de parto (31% vaginal y 23% cérvix). Los principales factores de riesgo fueron el trabajo de parto prolongado (83%) y la edad materna > 40 años (24%). Las complicaciones presentadas fueron los trastornos hidroelectrolíticos (90%) y 1 caso de shock hipovolémico (10). Se concluye que la presencia de factores de riesgo influye en el desarrollo de complicaciones de hemorragia postparto en pacientes del Hospital Provincial Martín Icaza durante el año 2016 (p = 0,0001). Por lo tanto, se recomienda identificar los factores de riesgo asociados en el primer control prenatal y clasificar a los pacientes en grupos de susceptibilidad a complicarse, además de continuar con las normas, protocolos y recomendaciones del ministerio de Salud Pública para reducir la morbimortalidad materna.
The objective of the study was to determine the epidemiological profile and risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage in patients of the Provincial Hospital Martín Icaza de Babahoyo in 2016. It was an observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study that included 52 women. The SPSS 21 program was used for statistical analysis. Among the results, there was a higher frequency of patients aged 16-19 (48%), urban-marginal (40%) and rural (35%), with incomplete schooling (Primary: 54%, secondary: 33%). , 17% (9) were pregnant> 40 years. The main etiology involved in postpartum hemorrhage was uterine atony with 67% (35), followed by traumatisms of the birth canal (31% vaginal and 23% cervix). The main risk factors were prolonged labor (83%) and maternal age> 40 years (24%). The complications presented were hydroelectrolytic disorders (90%) and 1 case of hypovolemic shock (10). It is concluded that the presence of risk factors influences the development of complications of postpartum hemorrhage in patients of the Provincial Hospital Martín Icaza during 2016 (p = 0.0001). Therefore, it is recommended to identify the associated risk factors in the first prenatal check-up and to classify patients into susceptibility groups to be complicated, in addition to continuing with the norms, protocols and recommendations of the Ministry of Public Health to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
The objective of the study was to determine the epidemiological profile and risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage in patients of the Provincial Hospital Martín Icaza de Babahoyo in 2016. It was an observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study that included 52 women. The SPSS 21 program was used for statistical analysis. Among the results, there was a higher frequency of patients aged 16-19 (48%), urban-marginal (40%) and rural (35%), with incomplete schooling (Primary: 54%, secondary: 33%). , 17% (9) were pregnant> 40 years. The main etiology involved in postpartum hemorrhage was uterine atony with 67% (35), followed by traumatisms of the birth canal (31% vaginal and 23% cervix). The main risk factors were prolonged labor (83%) and maternal age> 40 years (24%). The complications presented were hydroelectrolytic disorders (90%) and 1 case of hypovolemic shock (10). It is concluded that the presence of risk factors influences the development of complications of postpartum hemorrhage in patients of the Provincial Hospital Martín Icaza during 2016 (p = 0.0001). Therefore, it is recommended to identify the associated risk factors in the first prenatal check-up and to classify patients into susceptibility groups to be complicated, in addition to continuing with the norms, protocols and recommendations of the Ministry of Public Health to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
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Hemorragia posparto, Factores de riesgo, Perfil de salud, Atención prenatal, Hospital General Martín Icaza, Cantón Babahoyo, Ecuador