Accidentes y complicaciones de la anestesia local en odontología
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2011-04-15
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
El control del dolor, debe ser la labor principal dentro de la práctica
Odontológica, a pesar de su importancia, es de frecuente descuido;un
buen número de pacientes rehuyen la consulta por miedo al dolor. La
anestesia es una práctica diaria en Odontología, un alto porcentaje de los
procedimientos clínicos y quirúrgicos requieren de ella. Esto determina
que los anestésicos de uso local sean los fármacos más usados y quizás
menos conocidos.
Los anestésicos locales son fármacos esenciales ampliamente usados en
la práctica moderna de la Odontología, el conocimiento de sus
propiedades farmacológicas, mecanismo de acción, reacciones adversas,
efectos secundarios, interacciones, toxicidad, etc. Permiten actuar con
cautela y elegir adecuadamente aprovechando sus beneficios y limitando
sus riesgos.
La anestesia local utilizada en odontología de acuerdo a la zona de
aplicación son las anestesia intraorales y extaorales. Las intraorales son
las que se realizan a través de la mucosa, la punción anestésica es
siempre dolorosas si no se toma simples medidas que hacen insensible al
pinchazo de la aguja, esta se dividen en tópica, infiltrativa y troncular.
Creo firmemente que el dentista debe estar familiarizado con la vía de
acceso extra bucal e intrabucal para realizar la anestesia de los nervios,
de la cara, maxilares y dientes. Hay situaciones en que se presenta
grandes cantidades de heridos, se espera que el dentista ejerza su
capacidad profesional para aplicar la anestesia y atención de heridas
serias de cabeza y cara. Las vías de accesos extra bucales son las
mejores desde el punto de vista de la simplicidad de la técnica y ahorro de
tiempo como ejemplo basta mencionar que las infecciones suborbitaria y
mentoniana bilaterales, anestesia la parte más anterior de la cara,
además, en tejidos traumatizados es mucho mejor practicar estos
bloqueos que las infiltraciones múltiples.
La vía de acceso extra bucal puede proporcionar el único medio para
administrar anestesia local en ciertos casos. Los más importantes de
estos son: trismo, infección. Las complicaciones de la anestesia se da por
por diferentes causa una de ellas tenemosel de las agujas se presenta
con muy poca frecuencia, las intervenciones dentarias minuciosas desde
la introducción de la jeringa desechables sus secuelas ordinarias las
construye las infecciones leves ya sea que estén limitadas al área de los
2
tejidos periodontales fijos o situados profundamente en el espacio
cigomático.
Otras causas es a partir de la boca se produce contaminación en el área
hasta cierta distancia dependiendo de las técnicas empleadas y del
ambiente físico inmediato, por tanto debe establecerse un procedimiento
regular para asegurar la esterilidad continua de las agujas, jeringas,
cartucho, ampolletas o frascos de anestésicos locales.
El presente trabajo de investigación nos con lleva al tipo de investigación
descriptiva, analítica y explicativa misma que mediante la revisión de
literatura nos con lleva a identificar el objeto de estudio que en el presente
caso de los accidentes y complicaciones de la anestesia local en
odontología así mismo el presente trabajo tiene el propósito de definir
como esta problemática cada día tiene la necesidad de averiguar y
asentar en la historia clínica los antecedentes del paciente para prevenir
complicaciones antes durante y después del acto operatorio.
Pain control should be the main task within the practice Dental , despite its importance , is often neglected , a number of patients shun Browse fear of pain. the anesthesia is a daily practice in dentistry , a high percentage of clinical and surgical procedures require it. this determines that use local anesthetics are the most commonly used drugs and perhaps less known. Local anesthetics are essential drugs widely used in modern practice of dentistry , the knowledge of their pharmacological properties , mechanisms of action, adverse reactions , side effects , interactions , toxicity, etc. . Allow act Choose carefully and properly leveraging their benefits and limiting risks. The local anesthetic used in dentistry according to the area application are intraoral and extaorales anesthesia. Intraoral are those made through the mucosa , the anesthetic needle is always painful if simple measures do not take the insensible needle prick , this is divided into topical, infiltrative and truncal . I firmly believe that the dentist must be familiar with the route of Extra oral and intraoral access for anesthesia of the nerves, of the face, jaws and teeth. There are situations in which it occurs mass casualty , is expected to exercise his dentist professional capacity for anesthesia and wound care serious head and face. Extra- oral routes of access are best from the point of view of the simplicity of the technique and saving Weather example suffices to mention that the suborbital infections and mentoniana bilateral anesthesia the anterior part of the face , also traumatized tissues is much better practice these locks that multiple infiltrations. The extra- oral route can provide the sole access means local anesthesia in certain cases. The most important of these are: trismus , infection . Complications of anesthesia is given by by different causes one needle tenemosel presents infrequently , from dental interventions thorough introducing ordinary disposable syringe sequelae of builds either mild infections that are limited to the area of 2 or deep periodontal tissues fixed in space zygomatic . Other causes are from the mouth contamination occurs in the area certain distance depending on the techniques used and the immediate physical environment , so a procedure should be established regularly to ensure continued sterility of needles , syringes, cartridge ampoules or vials of local anesthetics . This research leads us to the type of research descriptive , analytical and explanatory same by reviewing literature leads us to identify the object of study in this case of accidents and complications of local anesthesia dentistry likewise the present work aims to define this problem every day as has the need to find and settle in the medical record patient history to prevent complications before, during and after the surgical procedure.
Pain control should be the main task within the practice Dental , despite its importance , is often neglected , a number of patients shun Browse fear of pain. the anesthesia is a daily practice in dentistry , a high percentage of clinical and surgical procedures require it. this determines that use local anesthetics are the most commonly used drugs and perhaps less known. Local anesthetics are essential drugs widely used in modern practice of dentistry , the knowledge of their pharmacological properties , mechanisms of action, adverse reactions , side effects , interactions , toxicity, etc. . Allow act Choose carefully and properly leveraging their benefits and limiting risks. The local anesthetic used in dentistry according to the area application are intraoral and extaorales anesthesia. Intraoral are those made through the mucosa , the anesthetic needle is always painful if simple measures do not take the insensible needle prick , this is divided into topical, infiltrative and truncal . I firmly believe that the dentist must be familiar with the route of Extra oral and intraoral access for anesthesia of the nerves, of the face, jaws and teeth. There are situations in which it occurs mass casualty , is expected to exercise his dentist professional capacity for anesthesia and wound care serious head and face. Extra- oral routes of access are best from the point of view of the simplicity of the technique and saving Weather example suffices to mention that the suborbital infections and mentoniana bilateral anesthesia the anterior part of the face , also traumatized tissues is much better practice these locks that multiple infiltrations. The extra- oral route can provide the sole access means local anesthesia in certain cases. The most important of these are: trismus , infection . Complications of anesthesia is given by by different causes one needle tenemosel presents infrequently , from dental interventions thorough introducing ordinary disposable syringe sequelae of builds either mild infections that are limited to the area of 2 or deep periodontal tissues fixed in space zygomatic . Other causes are from the mouth contamination occurs in the area certain distance depending on the techniques used and the immediate physical environment , so a procedure should be established regularly to ensure continued sterility of needles , syringes, cartridge ampoules or vials of local anesthetics . This research leads us to the type of research descriptive , analytical and explanatory same by reviewing literature leads us to identify the object of study in this case of accidents and complications of local anesthesia dentistry likewise the present work aims to define this problem every day as has the need to find and settle in the medical record patient history to prevent complications before, during and after the surgical procedure.
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CIRUGIA BUCAL, ANESTESIA DENTAL, DIENTE RETENIDO