Manejo de crisis asmática en urgencias del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El asma es una de las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, de alta relevancia a nivel mundial, según datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, su incidencia va en aumento, provocando anualmente más muertes en las crisis en emergencias. Por eso, se consideró oportuno, que la siguiente tesis, analice esta problemática en el país, específicamente en el hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo de Guayaquil; se fijaron como objetivos, estudiar el manejo de las crisis asmáticas en dicha unidad de salud, además de elaborar una estadística que pueda ser útil al momento de elaborar nuevos estudios al respecto. También se quiso conocer qué factores desencadenan estas crisis en nuestro medio, y cuál es el tratamiento que se da dependiendo la gravedad. Para realizar este trabajo se siguió una guía metodológica cuantitativa, con un estudio transversal y descriptivo; fue del tipo prospectivo también, ya que se basó en historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en emergencia entre 2015 y 2017. Debido a la gran cantidad de pacientes ingresados, se debió sacar una muestra por medio de la fórmula respectiva, con un margen de error del 5%, y un nivel de confianza del 95%, con esto se evaluó en total a 384 personas que ingresaron al hospital con crisis asmáticas. En los resultados, se expone cuál es el tratamiento respectivo que se le dio a cada uno, y cuáles fueron los parámetros para evaluar su gravedad. En las conclusiones, se establecieron de qué manera se cumplieron los objetivos, así como recomendaciones derivadas del estudio.
spiratory diseases, of high relevance worldwide, according to data from the World Health Organization, its incidence is increasing, causing more deaths each year in emergencies. Therefore, it was considered appropriate, that the following thesis, analyze this problem in the country, specifically in the hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo of Guayaquil; The objectives of this study were to revise the management of asthma attacks in that health center, as well as to prepare statistics that may be useful when preparing new studies in this regard. We also wanted to know what factors trigger these crises in our environment, and the treatment that is given depending on the severity. To carry out this work, a quantitative methodological guide was followed, with a cross-sectional and descriptive study; it was of the prospective type as well, since it was based on clinical histories of patients attended in an emergency between 2015 and 2017. Due to a large number of patients admitted, a sample had to be drawn by means of the respective formula, with a margin of error of 5%, and a level of confidence of 95%, with this a total of 384 people who entered the hospital with asthma attacks were evaluated. In the results, it is exposed the respective treatment that was given to each one, and what were the parameters to evaluate its severity. In the conclusions, it was established in which way the objectives were fulfilled, as well as recommendations derived from the study.
spiratory diseases, of high relevance worldwide, according to data from the World Health Organization, its incidence is increasing, causing more deaths each year in emergencies. Therefore, it was considered appropriate, that the following thesis, analyze this problem in the country, specifically in the hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo of Guayaquil; The objectives of this study were to revise the management of asthma attacks in that health center, as well as to prepare statistics that may be useful when preparing new studies in this regard. We also wanted to know what factors trigger these crises in our environment, and the treatment that is given depending on the severity. To carry out this work, a quantitative methodological guide was followed, with a cross-sectional and descriptive study; it was of the prospective type as well, since it was based on clinical histories of patients attended in an emergency between 2015 and 2017. Due to a large number of patients admitted, a sample had to be drawn by means of the respective formula, with a margin of error of 5%, and a level of confidence of 95%, with this a total of 384 people who entered the hospital with asthma attacks were evaluated. In the results, it is exposed the respective treatment that was given to each one, and what were the parameters to evaluate its severity. In the conclusions, it was established in which way the objectives were fulfilled, as well as recommendations derived from the study.
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Asma, Enfermedades respiratoria crónica, Cuidados intensivos, Emergencia, Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador