Abordaje terapéutico mediante el drenaje torácico en pacientes con trauma de tórax estudio a realizarse en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil en el período
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El neumotórax se define como la presencia anormal de aire dentro del espacio pleural (cavidad) que ocasiona el colapso parcial o completo de un pulmón. Puede ocurrir espontáneamente o debido a un evento traumático. Los síntomas pueden variar desde una queja no descriptiva de dificultad para respirar o dolor en el pecho para completar el colapso cardiopulmonar. El diagnóstico se basa en una combinación de sospecha clínica junto con estudios de imágenes de apoyo. El tratamiento a menudo implica abordajes quirúrgicos o no quirúrgicos con el objetivo de aliviar los síntomas y prevenir la recurrencia.
Todo paciente con trauma torácico debe ser sometido a una valoración integral mediante protocolo de Soporte Vital Avanzado en Trauma (ATLS), que garantiza un correcto manejo desde la vía área y estabilización cervical/hemodinámica hasta valoración secundaria mediante pruebas complementarias.
En este estudio realizado en el área de emergencia del Hospital Universitario fue más frecuente el trauma cerrado (77%), el mayor compromiso de la vía aérea y respiratoria fue el neumotórax (55%), y el mecanismo de lesión con mayor prevalencia fue los accidentes de tránsito (60%)
Pneumothorax is defined as the abnormal presence of air within the pleural space (cavity) that results in the partial or complete collapse of a lung. It can occur spontaneously or due to a traumatic event. Symptoms can vary from a nondescriptive complaint of shortness of breath or chest pain to complete cardiopulmonary collapse. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical suspicion along with supporting imaging studies. Treatment often involves surgical or nonsurgical approaches with goal to alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrence. All patients with thoracic trauma must undergo a comprehensive assessment using Advanced Vital Trauma Support in Trauma (ATLS), which guarantees correct management from the airway area and cervical / hemodynamic stabilization until secondary evaluation through complementary tests. In this study conducted in the emergency area of the University Hospital, closed trauma was more frequent (77%), the greatest airway and respiratory compromise was pneumothorax (55%), and the mechanism of injury with the highest prevalence was traffic accidents (60%)
Pneumothorax is defined as the abnormal presence of air within the pleural space (cavity) that results in the partial or complete collapse of a lung. It can occur spontaneously or due to a traumatic event. Symptoms can vary from a nondescriptive complaint of shortness of breath or chest pain to complete cardiopulmonary collapse. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical suspicion along with supporting imaging studies. Treatment often involves surgical or nonsurgical approaches with goal to alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrence. All patients with thoracic trauma must undergo a comprehensive assessment using Advanced Vital Trauma Support in Trauma (ATLS), which guarantees correct management from the airway area and cervical / hemodynamic stabilization until secondary evaluation through complementary tests. In this study conducted in the emergency area of the University Hospital, closed trauma was more frequent (77%), the greatest airway and respiratory compromise was pneumothorax (55%), and the mechanism of injury with the highest prevalence was traffic accidents (60%)
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Traumatismos torácicos, Drenaje, Neumotórax, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador