Perfil epidemiológico y clínico de mujeres con diagnóstico de Zika menores a 25 años estudio a realizarse en el período 2017 Distrito 09D24
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El 1 de febrero de 2016, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró a la enfermedad Zika como una, y su gran vínculo entre el virus y la incidencia elevada microcefalia. La situación actual con respecto al Zika no es alentadora, porque no hay vacuna, ningún tratamiento ni una buena prueba serológica, y el control de vectores sigue siendo un desafío. En 2015, el virus fue reportado por primera vez en Brasil y desde entonces se ha propagado a través de varios países en América del Sur. La rápida propagación del virus del Zika a través de las Américas, junto con la asociación de la infección con la microcefalia y el síndrome de Guillain-Barré. El virus del Zika tiene el potencial de propagarse a nuevas áreas donde el mosquito Aedes está presente y por lo tanto presenta un riesgo. En Ecuador a pesar de estar la alerta epidemiológica sobre el Zika y los controles vectoriales por personal especializado, la incidencia de Zika se incrementa en la estación invernal, pero de este dato no se complementa con campañas de prevención dirigida a la población en riesgo; por ello nuestro trabajo se enfoco en reconocer el patrón epidemiológico de las mujeres en etapa febril (menores de 25 años) y los factores de riesgo que esta población presenta, debido al riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad en caso que queden embarazadas; demostrando en 30 casos confirmados de Zika, con un promedio de edad de 20,5 años, cuya residencia fue rural en el 33%, el principal factor de riesgo fue vivir en una zona rural o con brote epidemiológico en el 80% de los casos y su principal manifestación fueron la artralgia en el 90% de los casos, y cefalea en el 60% con un promedio de evolución clínica de 3 a 5 días en el 53% de los casos.
On February 1, 2016, the World Health Organization declared Zika disease as one, and its great link between the virus and the high incidence of microcephaly. The current situation regarding Zika is not encouraging, because there is no vaccine, no treatment or a good serological test, and vector control remains a challenge. In 2015, the virus was reported for the first time in Brazil and since then it has spread through several countries in South America. The rapid spread of Zika virus throughout the Americas, along with the association of infection with microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The Zika virus has the potential to spread to new areas where the Aedes mosquito is present and therefore presents a risk. In Ecuador, despite the epidemiological alert on Zika and vector controls by specialized personnel, the incidence of Zika increases in the winter season, but this data is not complemented by prevention campaigns aimed at the population at risk; Therefore, our work focused on recognizing the epidemiological pattern of women in febrile stage (under 25 years) and the risk factors that this population presents, due to the risk of morbidity and mortality in case they become pregnant; demonstrating in 30 confirmed cases of Zika, with an average age of 20.5 years, whose residence was rural in 33%, the main risk factor was living in a rural area or with epidemiological outbreak in 80% of cases and its main manifestation was arthralgia in 90% of cases, and headache in 60% with an average clinical evolution of 3 to 5 days in 53% of cases.
On February 1, 2016, the World Health Organization declared Zika disease as one, and its great link between the virus and the high incidence of microcephaly. The current situation regarding Zika is not encouraging, because there is no vaccine, no treatment or a good serological test, and vector control remains a challenge. In 2015, the virus was reported for the first time in Brazil and since then it has spread through several countries in South America. The rapid spread of Zika virus throughout the Americas, along with the association of infection with microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The Zika virus has the potential to spread to new areas where the Aedes mosquito is present and therefore presents a risk. In Ecuador, despite the epidemiological alert on Zika and vector controls by specialized personnel, the incidence of Zika increases in the winter season, but this data is not complemented by prevention campaigns aimed at the population at risk; Therefore, our work focused on recognizing the epidemiological pattern of women in febrile stage (under 25 years) and the risk factors that this population presents, due to the risk of morbidity and mortality in case they become pregnant; demonstrating in 30 confirmed cases of Zika, with an average age of 20.5 years, whose residence was rural in 33%, the main risk factor was living in a rural area or with epidemiological outbreak in 80% of cases and its main manifestation was arthralgia in 90% of cases, and headache in 60% with an average clinical evolution of 3 to 5 days in 53% of cases.
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Virus Zika, Perfil de salud, Factores de riesgo, Indicadores de morbimortalidad, Ecuador, Distrito 09D24, Infección por el virus Zika, Femenino, Cantón Durán