Tipos de sepsis neonatal y sus complicaciones en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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Anualmente se presentan 4 millones de muertes neonatales en el mundo y 35% son por infecciones. En Ecuador, según el INEC, en 2016, la sepsis neonatal fue la tercera causa de mortalidad infantil. Las principales complicaciones que empeoran el pronóstico son meningitis, choque séptico, coagulación intravascular diseminada y disfunción orgánica múltiple.Objetivo:Estimar la prevalencia de las complicaciones en cada tipo de sepsis neonatal.Métodos:Enfoque cuantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo y de corte transversal, realizado en UCIN del Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, periodo Agosto 2016-Agosto 2017. Universo conformado por 90 neonatos septicos.Resultados:23% presentaron complicaciones,el mayor número de complicaciones se produjeron en sepsis temprana(57%), la principal complicación fue Meningitis; mortalidad del 18%;el principal microorganismos implicado en defunciones fue Stafilococcus Epidermidis (37.5%).Conclusiones: La prevalencia de Sepsis neonatal fue similar a reportadas en otros trabajos;la eficacia del Hemocultivo fue baja; el principal patógeno en neonatos fallecidos fue Stafilococcus epidermidis; en Sepsis precoz se produjeron el mayor número de complicaciones.
Annually there are 4 million neonatal deaths in the world and 35% are due to infections. In Ecuador, according to the INEC, in 2016, neonatal sepsis was the third cause of infant mortality. The main complications that worsen the prognosis are meningitis, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organic dysfunction. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of complications in each type of neonatal sepsis. Methods: Quantitative, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional approach, carried out in NICU of the University Hospital of Guayaquil, August 2016August 2017. Universe conformed by 90 septic neonates.Results: 23% presented complications, the greatest number of complications occurred in early sepsis (57%), the main complication was Meningitis; mortality of 18%, the main microorganisms involved in deaths was Staphylococcus Epidermidis (37.5%) .Conclusions: The prevalence of neonatal sepsis was similar to that reported in other studies, the effectiveness of the blood culture was low; The main pathogen in deceased neonates was Staphylococcus epidermidis; in early sepsis, the greatest number of complications occurred.
Annually there are 4 million neonatal deaths in the world and 35% are due to infections. In Ecuador, according to the INEC, in 2016, neonatal sepsis was the third cause of infant mortality. The main complications that worsen the prognosis are meningitis, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organic dysfunction. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of complications in each type of neonatal sepsis. Methods: Quantitative, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional approach, carried out in NICU of the University Hospital of Guayaquil, August 2016August 2017. Universe conformed by 90 septic neonates.Results: 23% presented complications, the greatest number of complications occurred in early sepsis (57%), the main complication was Meningitis; mortality of 18%, the main microorganisms involved in deaths was Staphylococcus Epidermidis (37.5%) .Conclusions: The prevalence of neonatal sepsis was similar to that reported in other studies, the effectiveness of the blood culture was low; The main pathogen in deceased neonates was Staphylococcus epidermidis; in early sepsis, the greatest number of complications occurred.
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Sepsis neonatal, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador