Extracción de tercer molar inferior por tratamiento ortodóntico
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2011-04-15
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
Debido a la evolución, y a los alimentos procesados se requiere menor
esfuerzo para realizar la masticación, motivo por el cual muy
frecuentemente quedan atrapados dichos terceros molares o se
encuentran en posición horizontal y algunas veces ya no se forman.
La edad promedio de formación y crecimiento de las muelas del juicio son
alrededor de los 15 años, por lo que se recomienda valorar por medio de
radiografías la posición y detectar a tiempo posibles complicaciones
futuras, siendo la adolescencia la edad más adecuada para dichos
estudios y en caso de comprobar la necesidad de extraerlas.
Las complicaciones más frecuentes por terceros molares en mala posición
son:
a) Destrucción por reabsorción del molar que le sigue hacia el frente.
b) Formación de quistes y tumores lo cual puede provocar destrucción del
hueso de la mandíbula o maxilar.
c) Atrapamiento de alimento, lo cual provoca (halitosis), mal olor y sabor
de boca
d) Movimientos dentales no deseados
e) Inflamación de la encía, dolor y sangrado
f) Infección del área con o sin presencia de pus.
Los tratamientos de ortodoncia (frenos dentales), frecuentemente
requieren la extracción de dichos molares para evitar que la presión
ejercida hacia el frente provoquen movimientos indeseados y/o fracasos
de dichos tratamientos de ortodoncia, no existe un tiempo especial ya que
se pueden realizar al inicio del tratamiento, durante, o al finalizarlo según
sea la preferencia e indicación del especialista en ortodoncia.
Dentro de complicaciones la más agresiva y peligrosa es la infección del
área, ya que puede provocar además de dolor e imposibilidad para
masticar, destrucción del hueso e invasión hacia cara y cuello, y si no se
2
controla en un corto plazo puede poner en peligro la capacidad de respirar
del paciente, y en casos graves la vida del paciente.
El procedimiento quirúrgico para extraer un tercer molar (muela del juicio),
es mucho más sencillo de lo que regularmente se cree, actualmente
contamos con anestésicos y equipo quirúrgico que nos permite realizarlo
dependiendo el caso, al finalizar se sutura con material reabsorbible que
desaparece de la boca en una semana y media, de esa manera evitamos
el retiro de suturas, lo cual es muy cómodo para pacientes que acuden de
ciudades lejanas y que les es imposible acudir a removerlas.
Posterior a la extracción molar el paciente puede experimentar
inflamación y molestias lo cual se controla totalmente con medicamentos
que se prescriben en algunos casos previamente al procedimiento, como
son antibióticos, analgésicos. antiflamatorios y enjuagues bucales
especiales.
Cada paciente es diferente por lo que se requiere la evaluación previa y el
interrogatorio (historia clínica), para determinar el mejor tratamiento, y así
disminuir ampliamente la posibilidad de complicaciones.
Due to evolution, and requires less processed foods effort to chewing, why very often get caught those third molars or are horizontal and sometimes no longer formed. The average age of formation and growth of wisdom teeth are around 15 years , so it should be evaluated by radiographs and position detection of potential complications future , adolescence being the most appropriate age for such case studies and check the need for removal. The most common complications of third molars in a bad position They are : a) Destruction molar resorption that follows it forward. b ) Formation of cysts and tumors which can cause destruction jawbone or jaw. c ) Entrapment of food, which causes (halitosis ) , odor and taste mouth d ) unwanted dental movements e) Inflammation of the gums , pain and bleeding f ) Infection of the area with or without the presence of pus. Orthodontic treatment ( braces ), often removing said required molars to prevent pressure exerted to cause unwanted movement of the front and / or failures orthodontic treatments such , there is no special time as can be performed at baseline , during , or finalize it as the preference and display specialist in orthodontics. Within the most aggressive and dangerous complications is infection area , as it can cause further pain and inability to chew bone destruction and invasion into face and neck, and if not 2 controls at short notice may jeopardize the ability to breathe patient , and in severe cases the patient's life . The surgical procedure to remove a third molar ( wisdom tooth ) is much simpler than you think regularly , currently we have anesthetic and surgical equipment that allows us to realize depending on the case , the end is sutured with absorbable material disappears from the mouth in a week and a half , that way we avoid removal of sutures, which is very comfortable for patients coming from distant cities and that it is impossible to go to remove them. Molar post extraction the patient may experience swelling and discomfort which is fully controlled by medication prescribed in some cases prior to the procedure , as are antibiotics , analgesics . antiflamatorios and mouthwashes special . Each patient is different so that the previous assessment is required and the examination (history ) to determine the best treatment, and so largely decrease the chance of complications.
Due to evolution, and requires less processed foods effort to chewing, why very often get caught those third molars or are horizontal and sometimes no longer formed. The average age of formation and growth of wisdom teeth are around 15 years , so it should be evaluated by radiographs and position detection of potential complications future , adolescence being the most appropriate age for such case studies and check the need for removal. The most common complications of third molars in a bad position They are : a) Destruction molar resorption that follows it forward. b ) Formation of cysts and tumors which can cause destruction jawbone or jaw. c ) Entrapment of food, which causes (halitosis ) , odor and taste mouth d ) unwanted dental movements e) Inflammation of the gums , pain and bleeding f ) Infection of the area with or without the presence of pus. Orthodontic treatment ( braces ), often removing said required molars to prevent pressure exerted to cause unwanted movement of the front and / or failures orthodontic treatments such , there is no special time as can be performed at baseline , during , or finalize it as the preference and display specialist in orthodontics. Within the most aggressive and dangerous complications is infection area , as it can cause further pain and inability to chew bone destruction and invasion into face and neck, and if not 2 controls at short notice may jeopardize the ability to breathe patient , and in severe cases the patient's life . The surgical procedure to remove a third molar ( wisdom tooth ) is much simpler than you think regularly , currently we have anesthetic and surgical equipment that allows us to realize depending on the case , the end is sutured with absorbable material disappears from the mouth in a week and a half , that way we avoid removal of sutures, which is very comfortable for patients coming from distant cities and that it is impossible to go to remove them. Molar post extraction the patient may experience swelling and discomfort which is fully controlled by medication prescribed in some cases prior to the procedure , as are antibiotics , analgesics . antiflamatorios and mouthwashes special . Each patient is different so that the previous assessment is required and the examination (history ) to determine the best treatment, and so largely decrease the chance of complications.
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CIRUGIA BUCAL, TERCER MOLAR - CIRUGIA, ORTODONCIA