Factores de riesgo que influyen en la aparición de infecciones nosocomiales en el sitio quirúrgico en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón 2016-2017
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La infección del sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) se produce dentro de los 30 días
siguientes al proceso quirúrgico, si no se ha dejado ningún implante o en el plazo
de un año si se lo ha dejado. El evento adverso más común en los pacientes
quirúrgicos es la infección de herida operatoria, que incrementa la estancia
hospitalaria, el costo hospitalario, aumento de la morbimortalidad en pacientes
posquirúrgicos en el sistema de salud. Se realizó una investigación de tipo
descriptiva transversal con el objetivo de estudiar los factores de riesgo que
influyen en la infección nosocomial de heridas quirúrgicas en los pacientes del
Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón en el periodo 2016-2017, estableciendo las
características clínicas que presentan dichos pacientes, la correlación que tienen
las comorbilidades y determinar la influencia de factores de riesgo relacionados
con la intervención. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de la revisión exhaustiva de la
historia clínica de cada paciente con diagnóstico de ISQ del servicio de cirugía, se
estudiaron 78 pacientes con predominio del sexo masculino y en ambos grupos
mayores de veinte años; los datos fueron procesados en números absolutos y
porcentajes presentándose los resultados en gráficos y tablas según fuera
conveniente. La ISQ en este estudio fue del 11,5% de todas las cirugías, el 30,7% de
la población presentó alguna comorbilidad siendo la más representativa la
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DMT2). Concluyendo que algunos pacientes fueron
rasurados más de dos horas antes de la cirugía, incrementando el riesgo de
desarrollar ISQ, el 85% de la población estudiada recibió profilaxis antimicrobiana,
con antibióticos que no son de primera elección y el procedimiento que más ISQ
registró fueron las apendicectomías.
The surgical site infection (SSI) occurs within 30 days after the surgical procedure, if you have not left any implant or within one year if he has left. The most common adverse event in patients is surgical wound infection, which increases hospital stay, hospital costs, increased morbidity - mortality in postsurgical patients and contributes to the increase of multiresistant pathogens in health services. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive research with the aim of studying the risk factors that influence the nosocomial infection of surgical wounds in patients in the Provincial Teaching Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontòn period 2016-2017, establishing the clinical characteristics these patients, the correlation with comorbidities and determine the influence of risk factors related to the intervention. Data were obtained from the comprehensive review of the medical history of each patient diagnosed with service ISQ surgery, 78 patients with male predominance in both groups over twenty years, the data were processed in numbers and percentages presenting the results in graphs and tables as appropriate. The SSI in this study was 11,5% of all surgeries, 30,7% of the population had some comorbidity being the most representative Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Concluding that six out of ten patients were shaved more than two hours before surgery, increasing the risk of SSI, 85% of the study population received antimicrobial prophylaxis with antibiotics that are not first choice and the procedure more ISQ appendectomies were recorded.
The surgical site infection (SSI) occurs within 30 days after the surgical procedure, if you have not left any implant or within one year if he has left. The most common adverse event in patients is surgical wound infection, which increases hospital stay, hospital costs, increased morbidity - mortality in postsurgical patients and contributes to the increase of multiresistant pathogens in health services. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive research with the aim of studying the risk factors that influence the nosocomial infection of surgical wounds in patients in the Provincial Teaching Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontòn period 2016-2017, establishing the clinical characteristics these patients, the correlation with comorbidities and determine the influence of risk factors related to the intervention. Data were obtained from the comprehensive review of the medical history of each patient diagnosed with service ISQ surgery, 78 patients with male predominance in both groups over twenty years, the data were processed in numbers and percentages presenting the results in graphs and tables as appropriate. The SSI in this study was 11,5% of all surgeries, 30,7% of the population had some comorbidity being the most representative Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Concluding that six out of ten patients were shaved more than two hours before surgery, increasing the risk of SSI, 85% of the study population received antimicrobial prophylaxis with antibiotics that are not first choice and the procedure more ISQ appendectomies were recorded.
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Infección hospitalaria, Quirófanos, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Herida quirúrgica, Factores de riesgo